黄土高原地区淤地坝存在问题分析

黄土高原地区自建国以来共建淤地坝1.0×105余座,淤地3.8×105 hm2,对黄土高原水土保持世界银行贷款项目区淤地坝的普查,充分证明了淤地坝在黄土高原水土保持上的作用以及经济和社会效益.但是,淤地坝建设与利用过程中仍存在种种问题,尤其表现在坝系规划布局不合理,病险坝多;设计标准偏低,易造成坝体破坏或垮坝;建坝施工质量差,工程不配套;坝体管理水平差,维护粗放;坝地利用率及经济效益偏低等5个方面.

Existing Problems of Silt Arresters on the Loess Plateau

There are 100 000 silt arresters(SA) and 381 300 hm² farmlands on the loess plateau that have been built since 1949. The widespread investigation showed that these SA have high effect of economic and social benefit on the soil and water conservation there. However, there were many problems in the SA construction and utilization, it especially showed at five aspects as follows: (1) The distribution of SA system are almost irrational and more weak and dangerous building. (2) Because of the low designing standard, the engineerings are easy to be destroyed and broken down. (3) The quality in specific implement of these structures is worse, and the engineering is not harmonious. (4) The bad management of structure bodies, loose mainte-nance. (5) The low utilization ratio and economical benefit of the filled farmlands.