冬季温控床垫对人体热舒适的影响机理

为研究温控床垫的不同温控条件对人体冬季热舒适和睡眠质量的影响,以及获得适宜的被褥微环境温度,研制了基于水管和水垫调温的温控床垫,调控的温度分别为29和32℃。通过睡眠实验,测试并记录睡眠过程中人 床界面温度、被褥微环境温度与睡眠各个阶段时间,以及睡前和醒后的主观热反应调查。结果表明,在受试者睡眠期间,受温控条件水垫29℃影响的人 床界面与被褥微环境的温度值最低,热感觉处于稍凉水平,导致睡眠效率较低。水管29℃热感觉处于适中水平,水垫32℃与水管32℃处于稍暖水平,二者之间受试者热感觉差异不显著,而与水垫29℃差异显著。同时,适中或偏暖被褥微环境在人体热舒适和热可接受度方面表现最佳,也实现了较高的睡眠效率。基于睡眠效率、被褥微环境的温度及整体热感觉,得出适宜的被褥微环境温度范围为31.45~32.50℃,受试者的满意率可达85%以上。此外,睡眠时被褥微环境的整体热感觉与各睡眠参数之间显著相关,稍暖或稍凉的热感觉会显著影响人的睡眠质量。

Investigation of influence mechanism of temperature controlled mattress on human thermal comfort in winter

In order to investigate the effects of temperature-controlled mattress on the human comfort and sleep quality and to obtain appropriate bed microclimate temperature during sleep,a temperature-controlled mattress with built-in circulating water pipes(WP)and a temperature-controlled mattress with an integral water cushion(WC)were designed and manufactured.The corresponding setting temperatures of the manufactured mattress were 29℃and 32℃(hereinafter referred to as WP29,WP32,WC29 and WC32),respectively.A series of sleep experiments were conducted in a real bedroom environment,using the temperature-controlled mattress and a quilt.The target bed microclimate temperature and sleep time were tested and recorded,as well as the subjective thermal response before and after the sleep.The results indicated that WC29 offered lower human-mattress interface temperature and bed microclimate temperature during the sleep,and the thermal sensation remained slightly cool level,which resulted in the lower sleep efficiency.The thermal sensation of WP29 remained thermal neutral level,while those of WP32 and WC32 were slightly warmer level,and the bed microclimate temperature affected by WP32 was the highest.Furthermore,the neutral or slightly warmer bed microclimate offered the better human thermal comfortable and thermal acceptable,resulted in higher sleep efficiency.Moreover,the bed microclimate temperature,thermal sensation and sleep quality affected by WC29 were significantly different from WP29,WP32 and WC32,while that of WP32 was no noticeably different from WC32.There was also significant correlation between overall thermal sensation and sleep parameters,and slightly warm or cool thermal sensation can obviously affect sleep quality.Based on the sleep efficiency,the bed microclimate temperature and overall thermal sensation,it was concluded that the appropriate temperature range of bed microclimate remained 31.45-32.50℃,and the satisfaction rate of subjects can be up to 85%.In addition,the temperature-controlled mattress with an integral water cushion had obvious effect on the bed microclimate.