不结球白菜维生素C含量主基因+多基因遗传分析

以高维生素C含量不结球白菜自交系乌塌菜和低维生素C含量不结球白菜自交系二青杂交获得的6个世代(P₁、P₂、F₁、B₁、B₂和F₂)株系为材料, 应用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型, 对不结球白菜中维生素C含量进行遗传分析。结果显示, 不结球白菜中维生素C含量受1对加性主基因+加性-显性多基因控制, 其中2011年结果中, 主基因的加性效应为13.15, 在B₁、B₂、F₂世代中主基因的遗传率分别为54.38%、38.58%和18.69%, 多基因的遗传率分别为24.69%、36.92%和40.7%; 2013年结果中, 主基因的加性效应为6.04, 在B₁、B₂、F₂世代中主基因的遗传率分别为1.88%、6.41%和45.04%, 多基因的遗传率分别为39.67%、16.57%和16.91%。可见, 不结球白菜维生素C性状受环境影响较大, 在不结球白菜高维生素C含量品种选育过程中, 要注重环境影响, 并可以通过分子标记辅助选择, 对性状进行改良。

Major Gene Plus Polygene Inheritance Analysis of Vitamin C Content in Non-heading Chinese Cabbage

The mixed major gene plus polygene inheritance model was used to investigate the inheritance law of vitamin C in non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis Makino) in six generations (P₁, P₂, F₁, B₁, B₂, and F₂) derived from Wutacai line (with high vitamin C content) × Erqing line (with low vitamin C content). The results showed that the trait of vitamin C was controlled by one additive major gene plus additive-dominant polygene in the joint analysis of six generations. The result in 2011 showed that the additive effect was 13.15. Heritabilities of major genes in B₁, B₂, and F₂ populations were 54.38%, 38.58%, and 18.69%, respectively, while those of polygenes in the three populations were 24.69%, 36.92%, and 40.7%, respectively. The result in 2013 showed that the additive effect was 6.04. Heritabilities of major genes in B₁, B₂ and F₂ populations were 1.88%, 6.41% and 45.04%, respectively, while those of polygenes in B₁, B₂, and F₂ populations were 39.67%, 16.57%, and 16.91%, respectively. The results from two years indicated that environmental factors could play roles in inheritance of vitamin C in non-heading Chinese cabbage. Thus, the marker assisted selection method could be used to screen high vitamin C cultivars of non-heading Chinese cabbage. In addition, environmental conditions should also be considered in the breeding process.