北京市人口变动及产业结构调整对水资源利用的影响

在北京市的发展过程中,高速增长的人口总量使北京市正遭遇着“水资源短缺、水环境污染”的发展困境.通过分析2004-2011年北京市人口以及水环境相关数据,研究人口变动及产业结构调整对北京市水资源利用的影响.结果表明：1）北京市人口从2004到2011年增长了115万人,外地入京人口增长了484.3万人,年均用水量增加了近1.41亿m^3,高速的人口发展是北京市水资源利用总量连年增长的根本原因;2）2011年末,第一产业从业人员总数仅为59.1万人,不足第三产业从业人员总数的1/10,第二产业的从业人员总数尚不足第三产业的1/3,第三产业取代了第一、二产业成为城市的经济支柱;3）8年间,人均年生活用水量减少了8.4m^3,人均年农业用水量减少了37.7 m^3,人均年工业用水量减少了27.1 m^3,产业结构调整使得北京市人均年用水量呈现连年下降的趋势.控制人口合理增长,深化产业结构调整,是实现北京市水资源可持续利用的有效途径.

Effect of population change and adjustment of industrial structure on consumption of water resources in Beijing

In the course of the development of Beijing,the rapid growth of population has posed great pressures of water resources shortage and water pollution to Beijing.The effect of population change on the consumption of water resources in Beijing was studied by analyzing population and water environment data in Beijing from 2004 to 2011.The results showed that：1） the household registration population of Beijing increased by 1.15 million from 2004 to 2011,the floating population in Beijing grew by 4.843 million during the same period,and the annual average water consumption almost increased by 141 million m^3 ; therefore,the high-speed growth of population is the fundamental reason for years of growth of the total consumption of water resources in Beijing; 2） at the end of 2011,the total number of the primary industry practitioners was barely 0.591 million,which was less than 1/10 of that of the tertiary industry practitioners; the total number of the secondary industry practitioners was less than 1/3 of that of the tertiary industry practitioners; in other words,the tertiary industry has replace the primary and secondary industries,becoming a pillar industry in the city; 3） during this period,the annual average water consumption per capita for domestic,agricultural and industrial purposes dropped by 8.4,37.7 and 27.1 m^3 respectively; the optimization of the industrial structure has made the annual average water consumption per capita in Beijing show a yearly declining trend.Controlling population growth and deepening the industrial structural adjustment are effective ways to realize the sustainable development of water resources in Beijing.