长期定位施肥对丛枝菌根真菌多样性的影响

Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was investigated in a field that had received long-term fixed ferti-lization (LFF) for 26 years.There were a total of 12 treatments in triplicates with different amounts of manure,urea,calcium phosphate,and potassium chloride.Rhizosphere soil samples of maize and wheat grown in the experimental field in Shandong Province,China,were collected in September 2003 and May 2004,respectively.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores were isolated and identified using morphological characters.Mycorrhizal colonization percentage,spore density (SD),species richness (SR),relative abundance (RA),and Shannon-Weiner index (SWI) were determined.Nineteen recognized species of AMF belonging to 5 genera were identified.Long-term fixed fertilization significantly influenced colonization percentage,SR,SD,and species diversity of AMF.The adaptability of AMF to soil fertility was different among species.Species richness and SD of AMF in maize and wheat rhizosphere soils were the highest in the nonferti-lization treatment (control) and lowest in the high manure + high nitrogen treatment (M₂N₂).The SWI decreased as the fertilization level increased except in the low manure treatment (M₁) on maize.Compared with the other treatments,Treatment M₂N₂ significantly reduced SD of Glomus,and the high manure + low nitrogen treatment (M₂N₁) significantly retarded sporulation of Scutellospora.Manure treatments stimulated sporulation of Glomus mosseae.Spore density of G.mosseae was higher in the high nitrogen + phosphorus + potassium treatment (N₂PK) than in the high nitrogen + phosphorus treatment (N₂P) and the high nitrogen + potassium treatment (N₂K).The SD of S.pellucida was higher in Treatment N₂K than Treatments N₂PK and N₂P.In conclusion,long-term fixed fertilization,especially with high levels of manure and N,decreased SR,SD,and colonization and changed the species composition of AMF.

Influence of long-term fixed fertilization on diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was investigated in a field that had received long-term fixed fertilization (LFF) for 26 years. There were a total of 12 treatments in triplicates with different amounts of manure, urea, calcium phosphate, and potassium chloride. Rhizosphere soil samples of maize and wheat grown in the experimental field in Shandong Province, China, were collected in September 2003 and May 2004, respectively. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores were isolated and identified using morphological characters. Mycorrhizal colonization percentage, spore density (SD), species richness (SR), relative abundance (RA), and Shannon-Weiner index (SWI) were determined. Nineteen recognized species of AMF belonging to 5 genera were identified. Long-term fixed fertilization significantly influenced colonization percentage, SR, SD, and species diversity of AMF. The adaptability of AMF to soil fertility was different among species. Species richness and SD of AMF in maize and wheat rhizosphere soils were the highest in the nonfertilization treatment (control) and lowest in the high manure + high nitrogen treatment (M₂N₂). The SWI decreased as the fertilization level increased except in the low manure treatment (M₁) on maize. Compared with the other treatments, Treatment M₂N₂ significantly reduced SD of Glomus, and the high manure + low nitrogen treatment (M₂N₁) significantly retarded sporulation of Scutellospora. Manure treatments stimulated sporulation of Glomus mosseae. Spore density of G. mosseae was higher in the high nitrogen + phosphorus + potassium treatment (N₂PK) than in the high nitrogen + phosphorus treatment (N₂P) and the high nitrogen + potassium treatment (N₂K). The SD of S. pellucida was higher in Treatment N₂K than Treatments N₂PK and N₂P. In conclusion, long-term fixed fertilization, especially with high levels of manure and N, decreased SR, SD, and colonization and changed the species composition of AMF.