施氮量对滴灌冬小麦干物质积累、分配与转运的影响

为明确施氮量对滴灌冬小麦干物质积累、分配、转运及产量的影响,于2013-2015年连续两个冬小麦生长季,以新冬18号为试验材料,在大田滴灌条件下,设置了0(N_0)、94.5(N_1)、180(N_2)、240(N_3)、300(N_4)、360kg·hm~(-2)(N_5)共6个施氮量处理,通过单因素随机区组试验,研究了不同施氮量下滴灌冬小麦干物质积累、分配及转运的特点。结果表明,不同施氮量处理下滴灌冬小麦单茎干物质积累量随生育进程均呈"S"曲线变化。成熟期干物质积累量、花前干物质的转运量及其转运效率、花后同化物积累量均以N_3处理最高;花前干物质转运对籽粒产量的贡献率以及籽粒产量在两年中均随施氮水平的提高呈先增后减趋势,也均以N_3处理最高,其中产量两年分别较N_0处理增产68.01%和67.39%。因此,在本试验条件下,240kg·hm~(-2)施氮量最有利于滴灌冬小麦干物质积累、转运和高产。

Effect of Nitrogen Application Rate on Dry Matter Accumulation,Distribution and Translocation of Winter Wheat under Drip Irrigation

To explicit the effect of nitrogen fertilization rate on dry matter accumulation,distribution,translocation and yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation,two-year field experiments with six treatments including0 kg· hm-2(N0),94.5 kg· hm-2(N1),180 kg· hm-2(N2),240 kg· hm-2(N3),300 kg · hm-2 (N4),and 360 kg · hm-2(N5) were conducted by using randomized block experiment design in wheat growing seasons from 2013 to 2015,with Xindong 18 as material.The results indicated that dry matter accumulation under all of the treatments showed an "S" curve.Dry matter accumulation,the translocation of assimilates before and after flowering and their translocation rate,and the average value of translocation of assimilates before and after flowering reached the maximum under N3 treatment.The contribution rate of dry matter before anthesis translocation to grain presented a trend of N3 ＞N2 ＞N4 ＞N5 ＞N1 ＞N0 in both two-year experiments,and maximum yield was also obtained under N3 in two years,which was 68.01％ and 67.39％ higher than that of N0,respectively.The results showed that the largest accumulation of dry matter and the highest yield for winter wheat can be achieved with nitrogen application rate of 240 kg · hm-2 with drip irrigation.