小麦新型化学杂交剂的筛选及其诱导败育后小麦的农艺性状

为了拓展小麦化控两系途径的药剂种类,降低小麦杂交种制种成本,利用西农1376(浅蜡质材料)和矮抗58(厚蜡质材料)研究了23种化学药剂诱导小麦雄性不育的效果以及对植株表型性状的影响。结果表明,各药剂诱导小麦花粉败育效果差异较大,Feek’s 8.5时期,XN-1药剂可诱导西农1376和矮抗58植株群体雄性不育率达98%以上,且植株表型及雌蕊发育正常,仅株高降低约5cm,饱和授粉后结实率正常,并能获得正常杂交种子。在银川和西宁对新筛选的小麦化学杂交剂XN-1的药效研究表明,XN-1可诱导春小麦品种银川P、银川Q和西宁P、西宁Q产生98%以上的雄性不育率,除株高降低约5~10cm外,其他株型指标不受影响。表明XN-1具有优良小麦化学杂交剂的特点和大面积应用于小麦杂种优势利用研究的潜力。

Screening of a New Chemical Hybridizing Agent (CHA)and the Agronomic Traits of Wheat Induced by CHA

To expand varieties of chemical hybridizing agents(CHA) and reduce hybrid seed production cost of wheat,twenty-three CHAs were applied on Xinong 1376(a wheat variety with low wax content) and Aikang 58(a wheat variety with high wax content) to examine the male sterile rate and related plant phenotypes.The results indicated that the male sterile rate induced by different CHAs were significantly different.At stage Feek's 8.5,the male sterile rate of Xinong 1376 and Aikang 58 induced by XN-1 were more than 98％,and the pistil and the plant showed normal development,but only the plant height were decreased about 5 cm.Normal seed setting rate and hybrid seeds were achieved via crossing the male sterile plants with normal fertile lines by saturate pollination.To expand the application dosage and investigate the effects of the new CHA XN-1,two varieties were treated with XN-1 in Yinchuan and Xining.The results showed that,the male sterile rate of Yinchuan P,Yinchuan Q and Xining P,Xining Q induced by XN-1 were also more than 98％,but only plant height were decreased by about 5 to 10 cm,while the other index of phenotype were unaffected.Therefore,XN 1 has the characteristics of good wheat CHA and the large-scale promoting potential in wheat heterosis utili zation.