枣愈伤途径诱导多倍体

以二倍体冬枣和临猗梨枣为试材,在大田条件下以茎粗3.5 cm左右的枝条为处理对象,短截后滴加浓度为4.0 mg/L的TDZ(附加2.0 mg/L硝酸银)溶液于截面形成层上,用泥+黑袋法进行覆盖,处理4~5 d后,愈伤刚刚形成时用秋水仙素处理愈伤。结果表明:临猗梨枣和冬枣分别以0.05%秋水仙素处理24 h和18 h的诱变率最高,经形态观察和细胞学检测,二者由愈伤途径分别获得了13.3%和6.7%的四倍体芽(2n=4x=48)。与二倍体相比,四倍体表现为叶片变厚、革质化加重,叶色变深,叶长、叶宽增大,叶形指数变小,叶缘锯齿增大、锯齿数目减少,叶片气孔明显变大,气孔密度减小,叶绿体数目增多,染色体数由2n=4x=24变为2n=4x=48。

Induction of polyploid in Ziziphus jujuba Mill. by treating callus

By treating Z.jujuba cv.Dongzao and Z.jujuba cv.Lizao with solution of 4.0 mg/L TDZ 2.0 mg/L AgNO3,the callus was obtained.The optimum concentration and time of colchicine treatment for Lizao was: 0.05% and 24 h,percentage of variation was 13.3%.The optimum concentration and time of colchicine treatment for Dongzao was: 0.05% and 24 h, the percentage of variation was 6.7%.Compared with their original diploid plants,the induced tetraploid plants showed that the leaves became longer,wider and thicker.And the serration of the leave became larger than diploid,but the serration number per centimeter was less than normal leaves.The leave index showed smaller than diploid.From the cytological observation,the chromosomes of the Lizao and Dongzao were all 24,but the variation plant became 48.The stomata density obviously decreased,and the guard cells were larger and the chloroplasts in the guard cells were more than the diploid.