剑湖湿地保护区土壤特性及其环境影响研究

对云南西部澜沧江流域的高原湿地剑湖的土壤特性，以及人为活动干扰对其湿地生态环境造成的影响进行了研究，结果表明：由于围湖造田及毁林开荒，50年间湖面积减少1／3，蓄水量降低近2／3，沼泽土垦为旱耕地，有机质和全氮含量分别损失43．03％和60．7l％，垦为水稻土分别损失6．4％和21．43％，使入湖处水的全氮和全磷分别为湖心的3～10倍，NH4^ ，NO2^-，NO3^-约为4倍，水体渐趋混浊，悬浮物增加了1倍．分析了剑湖湿地土壤生态环境恶化趋势，提出了剑湖湿地土壤资源可持续利用建议．

Environmental Impacts on Wetland Soil Characteristics in Jianhu Nature Reserve, West Yunnan Province

The soil characteristics and human disturbances on wetland soil of Jianhu Nature Reserve were analyzed. The results showed that the water body area and water storage capacity of the wetland reduced by 33.34% and 62.95% respectively within the past 50 years by reclamation and disafforestation in the catchments. Organic matter and total nitrogen of the soil lost by 43.03% and 60.71% individually since the wetland has been turned into ordinary cropland,while these two indexes dropped by 6.4% and 21.43% respectively since the swamp land has been changed into paddy field. Because of the intake of soil nutrients, the total nitrogen and total phosphorous contents of the inflow water by lakeside were increased to 3 to 10 times that of the water in the center of the lake,whereas the contents of NH_4~+,NO_2~-and NO_3~- were increased to 4 times, and the suspended substance(BOD, COD) was doubled in the water by lakeside, which made the water adjacent to the lakeside turbid. The ecological environment deterioration tendency of Jianhu Nature Reserve wetland and its nearby regions was studied, and some tactics and measures to contain this tendency and for sustainable utilization of the land resource in the area were put forward.