喀斯特山区农用地整治项目区土壤调查及改良利用措施

为摸清贵州省关岭县板贵乡木工村喀斯特农用地整治项目区的土壤资源、质量状况,对该区进行了实地测量、踏勘调研和采样分析。结果表明,项目区土地总面积32.371 1hm2,其中农用地29.565 6hm2,占91.33%,建设用地1.591 8hm2,占4.92%,未利用地1.2137hm2,占3.75%。土壤总面积32.33hm2,分属9个土种、4个土属、3个亚类、3个土类,其中大泥土、大黄泥土、黄沙泥土总面积26.90hm2,占土壤总面积的83.20%。项目区土壤pH值为5.62～7.83,大多数具有石灰反应;土壤有机质含量低,磷钾缺乏,质地黏重,通气透气性能较差,土壤微生物总量及类群数量较少,活性较低,不利于土壤养分的保持和提高。针对土壤利用中存在的障碍因素,提出科学规划,实施土地平整等工程整治,改善耕作管理条件;完善灌溉排水和道路工程,提高灌溉排水能力,减少水土流失,增加土地生产率;实施沃土工程,提高土壤肥力等改良利用措施。研究结果明确了土地整治项目规划设计需要开展的土壤资源、质量状况等调查内容和方法,可为项目区土地整治提供科学依据,对进一步规范土地整治相关工作具有借鉴作用。

Soil Investigation of Farming Land Consolidation Project in Karst Mountain and Related Improvement and Utilization

In order to find out the soil resource and quality status in Mugong Karst farming land consolidation project area of Guanling County of Guizhou Province, measuring, inspecting and servanting, sampling and analysis was conducted. The results showed that the land area was 32.371 1 hectares, among them agricultural land area was 29.565 6 hectares, accounts for 91.33% of the whole area; construction land area was 1.591 8 hectares, accounts for 4.92% of the whole area; unused land area was 1.213 7 hectares, accounts for 3.75% of the whole area. The soil area was 32.33 hectares, which belonged to 9 soil species, 4 soil genera,3 subgroups,3 soil types, soil, clay, sand clay rhubarb area of 26.90 hectares, accounts for 83.20% of the whole soil area. The pH value of soil most have lime reaction was 5.62~7.83; low content of organic matter, deficient potassium and phosphorus, heavy clay soil texture, range ventilation and air permeability performance, little total amount of soil microorganisms and monoid number, agaist maintaining and improving for soil nutrient. Besides related improvement and utilization were put forward, the content and method of soil resources and quality survey which the land consolidation project needed was also given. It could provide a scientific basis for land remediation, and has certain reference function to further standardize the land rectification work.