两种人工栽培藏茵陈生物学特性的研究

通过椭圆叶花猫（Halenia elliptica D．Don）、四数獐牙菜（Swertia tetraptera maxim）的人工栽培试验表明：两种藏茵陈植物都为两年生草本，第一年仅以叶簇形态生枝条不伸长，只进行营养生长，生长第二年枝条才开始伸长，开花结实后完成生活史；两种藏茵陈播种时间都以秋播为宜，有利于自然通过低温春化作用打破种子休眠，促进翌年春天种子萌发，显著提高田间出苗率；两种藏茵陈通过人工栽培，其茎、叶都比野生植物生长高大、粗壮，可大幅提高生药产量，是保护珍稀野生植物资源的有效途径之一；两种藏茵陈50％以上的种子在土壤中有较长期的休眠特性，一般在一年中的春秋两季萌发，所以适当增加播种量第二年后可使田间一年、二年生植株同时生长，对生药生产可连年持续收获产品，免去了对土壤的耕、翻、耙、种等作业，从而可有效降低栽培成本。

Study on Biological Character of Swertia L.

Through artificial cultivation of Halenia elliptica D.Don and Swertia telraptera maxim, the results showed that the two plants were biennial herbs. In the first year, their leaves grew, but the branches did not stretch except nutrition growth. In the second year, the branches began life history completed. The best seeding time was autumn, in to grow quickly, and after blooming and bearing the which it was easy to break dormancy under lower temperature to promote germination of seeds and increase the rate of seedling emergence. The stalks and leaves of two plants were stronger and higher than the wild so that the drug production was increased. So artificial cultivation was one of methods to protect rare wild plant resource. 50% of seeds of the two plants had biological character of dormancy for long period. Generally ,they germinated in spring and autumn, so could increase seeding amount to make annual and biennial herbs grow simultaneously in second year, which could increase harvest production of drugs, reduce the cost of cultivation.