大洋性柔鱼类资源开发现状及可持续利用的科学问题

大洋性柔鱼类是重要的渔业资源,商业性开发的种类主要有太平洋褶柔鱼、柔鱼、阿根廷滑柔鱼、茎柔鱼和双柔鱼等。据统计,1992-2010年柔鱼类产量占世界头足类的比重稳定在51.15%～62.19%,平均达到55.40%。对重要柔鱼种类的资源现状及开发状况进行系统分析,根据大洋性柔鱼类生命周期短、生长快等特点,提出了4项需研究的问题,即:(1)全面了解大洋性柔鱼类的生态地位和作用;(2)全面掌握环境包括全球气候变化对大洋性柔鱼类资源补充量的影响;(3)深入研究大洋性柔鱼类短生命周期资源评估模式;(4)发展基于生态系统的大洋性柔鱼类资源管理方法。

Current exploitation and some scientific issues in the sustainable utilization of Ommastrephidae

The oceanic Ommastrephidae is an important cephalopod resource.The main species which have been exploited at the large-scale commercial development included Todarodes pacificus,Illex argentinus,Dosidicus gigas,Nototodarus sloani and Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis.According to the data statistics during 1992 to 2010,the Ommastrephidae production accounted for 51.15%-62.19% of cephalopods in the world,with an average of 55.40%.In this paper,the current exploitation and resources conditions of Todarodes pacificus,Illex argentinus,Dosidicus gigas and other squids are described in details.Meanwhile,according to the biological characteristics of short life cycle and fast growth,four major scientific issues which are to be resolved have been put forward.The four scientific issues are:(1) a completely comprehensive understanding of the ecological status and role of Ommastrephidae;(2) fully mastering the effect of environment including global climate change on the recruitment of Ommastrephidae;(3) further study of assessment model for Ommastrephidae based on the short life cycle;and(4) developing the ecosystem-based resource management approaches for Ommastrephidae.