新疆野生油菜、野芥和黑芥的遗传分化及系统演化研究

利用HPLC法对284份种子硫代葡萄糖甙组成分析表明，新疆野生油菜依据中特征硫代葡萄糖甙组成可划分为9类，91．2％的新疆野生油菜种子主要含羟基苄硫甙，8．8％的新疆野生油菜种子主要含丙烯基硫甙，与黑芥和芥菜型油菜特征硫代葡萄糖甙组成一致。RAPD分析将新疆野生油菜、野芥和黑芥划分为3簇，表明新疆野生油菜、野芥和黑芥之间存在明显的遗传距离，相对而言，新疆野生油菜与野芥间的遗传距离较近，与黑芥的遗传距离较远。新疆野生油菜可依据RAPD聚类分析结果划分为4簇，其中第1、2和4簇主要由来源于新疆塔城地区的新疆野生油菜组成，种子主要含丙烯基硫甙，第3簇为新疆巩留及其周边地区的新疆野生油菜,种子主要含羟基苄硫甙。研究为阐明我国芥菜型油菜起源进化途径提供了新的证据。

Genetic divergence and phylogeny of Chinese Xinjiang wild rape,Sinapis arvensis and Brassica nigra

It was suggested that Xinjiang wild rape was the wild progenitor of Brassica nigra and Chinese Brassica juncea , to verify this hypothesis seed glucosinolate profile and RAPD were employed to reveal the genetic relationship among Chinese Xinjiang wild rape, Sinapis arvensis and Brassica nigra . Seed glucosinolates of 284 Chinese Xinjiang wild rapes were determined by HPLC method, 259 wild rapes (91.2%) were found containing sinalbin as the major glucosinolate in seeds, 25 wild rapes (8.8%) were characterized with dominant sinigrin, which was identical to Brassica nigra and Chinese Brassica juncea . Xinjiang wild rape, Sinapis arvensis and Brassica nigra were grouped into 3 independent clusters based on cluster analysis of RAPDs, considerable genetic divergence was discovered among Xinjiang wild rapes, which was parallel with the change of glucosinolate profile, Xinjiang wild rape was more related to Sinapis arvensis than to Brassica nigra . The results provide new evidence for the origin of Chinese Brassica juncea .