国内新病害——向日葵茎点霉黑茎病在新疆伊犁河谷的发生初报

2005~2007年在新疆伊犁河谷发现一种蔓延迅速、危害严重的向日葵病害。经鉴定,确定其为国内新病害——向日葵茎点霉黑茎病。病原菌无性态分类地位为半知菌亚门,茎点霉属,种名为:Phoma macdonal-diiBoerma;有性态分类地位为子囊菌亚门,小球腔菌属,种名为:Leqtosphaeria lindquistiiFrezzi。该病目前已在伊犁河谷5县1市的向日葵产区普遍发生,造成严重危害。根据2007年在严重发病县的调查,该病在特克斯县发病面积达2 625 hm2,田间发病率平均为47%,绝收面积达267 hm2;新源县发病面积达1 333 hm2,平均田间发病率为35%;绝收面积达133 hm2。严重受害的向日葵品种有瑞特姆、JN-2519,M0314,KWS303。

Domestic New Plant Disease: The First Report of the Occurrence of Sunflower Phoma Black Stem in Ili River Valley, Sinkiang, China

From 2005 to 2007,a fungal disease of sunflower was discovered in the Ili river valley,Sinkiang,China.This disease rapidly spread and made a lot of serious damage in the field.It was identified to be a domestic new plant disease,sunflower Phoma black stem.Phoma macdonaldii Boerma is anamorph species name and belongs to Deuteromycotina;teleomorph species name is Leqtosphaeria lindquistii Frezzi,Mycosphaerella,Ascomycotina.At present,this disease occurred generally on the sunflower in 5 counties and 1 city in Ili river valley and resulted in severe loss at the locations.The result of the investigation in 2007 showed that the diseased areas in Tekes and Xinyuan were 2 625 hm2 and 1 333 hm2,the average incidences of disease in the field were 47% and 35%,and the areas of total destruction were 267 hm2 and 133 hm2,respectively.The seriously affected sunflower varieties were Ruitemu,JN-2519,M0314,KWS303.