土壤侵蚀过程中坡面流水力学特性及侵蚀动力研究评述

土壤侵蚀动力过程是水流和土壤两者相互作用的复杂物理过程,而含沙水流是土壤侵蚀的主要动力,深入理解坡面流水力学特征及侵蚀动力是研究土壤侵蚀动力学规律的基础.本文从坡面流水力学特性及侵蚀动力,包括:流速、水深、流态、阻力规律以及坡面流的切应力、冲刷动力、运动能量等多方面对国内外关于土壤侵蚀动力过程研究进行了系统深入的评述,并探讨了研究中存在的问题,重点指出:坡面流作为三维、非恒定非均匀沿程变量流,流动形态千变万化,坡面状况较为复杂,其均匀流理论远不能真实反应自然界复杂地表状况下的水流水力学特性及其变化规律.开展复杂地表的水流运动过程、水力学参数变化规律及坡面侵蚀水动力过程研究是今后土壤侵蚀水动力学研究的重要方向,这对于深入了解土壤侵蚀水动力过程的内在机制、构建物理侵蚀模型具有重要的研究意义.

Review on Hydraulic Characteristics and Erosion Dynamics of Overland Flow in Soil Erosion Process

Soil erosion dynamic process is a complicated physical process in the interaction between water and soil, and sediment laden flow is the main dynamic of soil erosion, therefore, a better understanding of hydraulic characteristics and erosion dynamics on overland flow is the basis to research dynamics law of soil erosion. This paper discussed systematically and thoroughly hydraulic characteristics and erosion dynamics of overland flow including the aspects of velocity, water depth, water flow regime, resistance law, shear stress, scouring dynamics, kinetic energy research and the existing problems of research, furthermore, it also emphasized that water flow regime and slope status are so complicated as overland flow is a three dimensional, unsteady and non-uniform spatially varied flow that uniform flow theory could not reveal hydraulic characteristics and their change law of complex surface conditions in nature. Therefore, water movement, change law of hydraulic parameters and soil erosion processes on overland flow are important directions for research on hydrodynamics of soil erosion which is significant for further understanding internal mechanism of soil erosion hydrodynamic processes and construction of physical erosion model.