葡萄病毒病研究进展

综述了近5年来国际葡萄病毒病最新确立的病毒属、鉴定的新种及几种重要葡萄病毒形态、基因组、病原、病毒检测技术及防治策略。葡萄病毒已由1999年的17个属,47种增加到2003年的20个属,55种。其中葡萄病毒属(Vitivirus),凹陷病毒属(Foveavirus)、葡萄斑点病毒属(Maculavirus)和葡萄卷叶病毒属(Ampelovirus)为新确定的4个属。已完成葡萄扇叶病毒(GFLV)和葡萄斑点病毒(GFkV)的全序列测序(2001年)。新发现葡萄卷叶相关病毒-9号(GLRaV-9)(2002年)。新增加GLRaV-8和葡萄D病毒(GVD)的单克隆抗体和沙地葡萄茎痘相关病毒(GRSPaV)的多克隆抗体。RT-PCR技术已成功地应用于GRLaV-1、GRLaV-2、GRLaV-3、GRLaV-4、GRLaV-5、GRLaV-6、GRLaV-7、GVB、GVA、GVD、GRSPaV、葡萄拟卷叶病毒(GFkV-likeviruses)、GFLV和南芥菜花叶病毒(ArMV)等病毒及葡萄病毒属(Vitivirus)和凹陷病毒属(Foveavirus)病毒的检测。GFLV、ArMV、GVA及GVB和GVA、GFLV、GLRaV-2、GLRaV-3外壳蛋白(CP)基因已分别导入到欧洲葡萄(Vitisvinifera)和沙地葡萄(Vitisrupestrsis)及其他砧木中,目前仍在检测阶段。

Advances in Research of Grapevine Viruses

The progress over past five years on the establishment of different new genera and species of grapevine-infecting viruses, and the studies on particle morphology, genome organization, pathogeny, detection techniques and transgenic resistance for some main grapevine-infecting viruses are reviewed. The total number of grapevine-infecting viruses was raised from 47, distributed in 17 genera in 1999 to 55, in 20 different genera in 2003, of which Vitivirus, Foveavirus, Maculavirus and Ampelovirus are novel genera. GFLV genome and GFkV genome were completely sequenced in 2001. GLRaV-9 was confirmed firstly in 2002. Monoclonal antibodies were gained to GLRaV-8 and GVD, and polyclonal antisera to GRSPaV were synthesized by a recombinant CP as antigen. Nucleic acid-based detection techniques, PCR in particular were used in detections for GRLaV-1, GRLaV-2, GRLaV-3, GRLaV-4, GRLaV-5, GRLaV-6, GRLaV-7, GVB, GVA, GVD, GRSPaV, GFkV-like viruses, GFLV and ArMV, and vitiviruses and foveaviruses. The transgenic resistance to grape-infecting viruses were carried out by the transformation of Vitis vinifera cultivars with CP sequences of GFLV,ArMV,GVA and GVB and of Vitis rupestrisis and other rootstocks with different genes of GVA, GFLV, GLRaV-2 GLRaV-3, which are in an advanced stage of testing.