塔里木河流域的环境治理与水土保持生态建设

分析塔里木河流域生态环境的演变过程 ,可以看出在历史时期 ,特别是近 5 0年来的水土资源开发 ,使流域上、下游维护生态环境的水分条件失调 ,植被退化和沙漠化急剧发展 ,已威胁到塔里木盆地社会、经济的可持续发展。为此 ,实施塔里木河流域环境综合治理既迫切又及时 ,采取“治理上游、改造中游、拯救下游”的工程措施 ,可起到调控流域水资源分配 ,改善河流沿岸荒漠林 ,保障输送一定水量恢复下游生态的控制作用 ;但还必需采取整个流域为单元的水土保持的一系列根本措施 ,进行生态建设 ,使流域上下游协调发展 ,才能有效遏制住环境退化。根据塔河实际 ,还提出了近期做好水土保持工作的几点建议

Environment Rehabilitation and Ecological Construction of Soil and Water Conservation in Tarim River Basin

Based on analyzing of the evolution processes of ecological environment in the Tarim river basin, the water and land resources development in the human history period, especially since recent 50 years, has led to imbalance of water conditions maintaining ecological environment of upper and lower reaches, vegetation degradation and rapidly developing of desertification, which have threatened the sustainable development of society and economy in the Tarim basin. So far carrying out the comprehensive rehabilitation of environment of the Tarim river basin is urgent and timely. Taking the control engineering measures of "harnessing upper reaches, reforming the middle reaches and rescuing the lower reaches", and adjusting and controlling allocation of water resources in the basin, can ameliorate the desert forests along the rivers and ensure transporting a certain volume of water to lower reaches to renew the ecology of the green corridor. Meanwhile it is necessary to take a set of radical measures of soil and water conservation in the arid region taking a whole watershed as a unit to make water resources in the watershed circulated and reproduced, to protect land resources for forever utilization of human being. The several proposals of making soil and water conservation well in the near future are put forward based on the reality of the Tarim river basin finally.