转bar基因水稻的研究与应用

近年来随着杂交育种技术的应用，水稻的产量不断提高，品质也得到改善，但田间杂草与水稻争夺阳光、水分及养料仍是造成水稻产量下降的主要因素。利用基因枪法、农杆菌介导法和花粉管通道法将具有除草剂抗性的bar基因转入水稻品种中，可有效解决田间杂草和水稻竞争的问题，因为这种基因编码的酶可将除草剂分解掉，却不伤害水稻。尽管bar基因的导入使转基因后代存在着遗传不稳定或基因沉默等问题，但其生理表现、农艺性状和营养品质方面与起始品种比较基本没有差别，因此培育具有bar基因抗性的水稻品种是解决田间杂草问题，提高水稻产量的有效方法。

Research and Application of Bar-transgenic Rice

In recent years, because of application of cross breeding technology, though the yield and quality of rice has been greatly improved, competition of field weeds and rice for sunlight, moisture and nutrition is still the major factor to result in yield reduction. The enzyme encoded by bar gene can decompose herbicide but no harm to rice. Bar gene transfer may be accidentally cause hereditary instability or gene silence etc., but there have no difference in their physiological behaviors, agronomy traits, and nourishing qualities compared with original variety. So transferring bar gene with herbicide resistant into rice varieties by particle gun, Agrobacterium-mediated method, or pollen-tube pathway to cultivate new rice resistance varieties is an effective way to reduce weeds and raise rice yield.