天然免疫双链RNA受体RIG-I和MDA5及其在家禽中的研究进展

模式识别受体在抗病毒天然免疫中发挥重要作用。这些受体识别微生物的保守结构并引发细胞内一系列级联反应,产生抗病毒效应。Toll样受体和RIG-I样受体是识别RNA的两大主要受体家族,其中能够识别病毒双链RNA(dsRNA)的RIG-I样家族在抗病毒免疫方面发挥关键作用。RIG-I样家族(RLR)的主要成员是RIG-I和MDA5,已有大量研究表明其能够引发相同的天然免疫信号,本文从多个角度阐述了两者的相似点和不同点,包括两者结构与定位、下游信号通路、抗病毒免疫、病毒对RLR信号的调节和逃逸,以及在禽类方面的研究进展。通过对RIG-I与MDA5多方面异同点的了解,能够对这些受体蛋白质以及家禽相关天然免疫有更深层次的认识,为免疫调节并控制病毒感染提供新思路。

Comparison of Double-stranded RNA(dsRNA) Immune Receptors RIG-I and MDA5 and Research Progress in Poultry Receptors

Pattern recognition receptors(PRRs) are important in anti-viral innate immunity. PRRs recognize the conserved structure of the microorganism and trigger a series of cascades within the cell, producing an antiviral effect.Toll-like receptors and RIG-I-like receptors are the two major receptor families that recognize RNAs, and the RIG-I-like family(RLR) that recognizes viral double-stranded RNA(dsRNA) plays a key role in antiviral immunity. The functional members of the RIG-I-like family are RIG-I and MDA5. A large number of studies showed that they could trigger the same innate immunity. This paper explained the similarities and differences between the two receptors, including their structure and activation, downstream signaling pathways, antiviral immunity, and viral regulation and escape. In addition, the two receptors in poultry were also reviewed. Through the understanding of the similarities and differences between RIG-I and MDA5 including those between poultry RIG-I and MDA5. It could deepen the understanding of these receptors, and provided new ideas for immune regulation and control of viral infection.