不同有机肥用量对京郊设施西瓜产量及土壤硝态氮含量累积的影响

过量施用有机肥会导致土壤养分流失、病虫害多发,甚至出现农作物根系吸水困难,发生烧根、僵苗等现象。为研究有机肥的合理用量、降低有机肥使用对环境的负面影响,本试验以北京郊区设施西瓜为研究对象,共设置了5个鸡粪用量处理(0、37500、75000、112500、150000 kg/hm^2),分析了不同鸡粪用量对西瓜产量和土壤硝态氮累积量及有机氮利用效率的影响。结果表明,随着有机肥施用量的增加,西瓜产量呈先增加后下降的趋势,当鸡粪用量为75000 kg/hm^2时,西瓜单产及总产量均最高,其吸氮总量、水分利用效率和有机氮利用率也最高,而土壤硝态氮累积量最低。各处理不同土层硝态氮含量和累积量均随土壤深度的增加呈现递减趋势。因此,鸡粪施用量为75000 kg/hm^2相对合理,可以在该地区及周边推广应用。

Effects of Different Organic Fertilizer Application on Yield of Greenhouse Watermelon and Soil Nitrate Accumulation in Suburban of Beijing

Excessive application of organic fertilizer will lead to the loss of soil nutrients,the frequent occurrence of diseases and insect pests,and even the difficulty of water absorption of crop roots,the occurrence of burning roots,stiff seedlings and other phenomena.In order to study the rational use of organic fertilizer and reduce the negative impact of organic fertilizer on the environment,five treatments(0,37500,75000,112500,150000 kg/hm^2)of chicken manure were set up in the facility watermelon in Beijing suburb.The effects of different chicken manure on watermelon yield,accumulation of soil nitrate nitrogen and utilization efficiency of organic nitrogen were analyzed.The results showed that the yield of watermelon increased first and then decreased with the increase of the application of organic fertilizer.When the amount of chicken manure was 75000 kg/hm^2,the yield per unit area and total yield of watermelon were the highest;the total amount of nitrogen absorption,water use efficiency and organic nitrogen use efficiency were the highest;while the accumulation of soil nitrate nitrogen was the lowest.The content and accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in different soil layers decreased with the increase of soil depth.Therefore,the application amount of chicken manure is 75000 kg/hm^2,which is relatively reasonable and can be popularized in this area and surrounding areas.