关于苹果矮化砧与矮化栽培几个问题的探讨

在分析矮化砧的基本概念与现代矮化栽培理念的基础上,探讨了我国现阶段进行苹果矮化栽培面临的主要问题,包括如何在主产区进行主栽品种的矮化栽培,零散经营为主的生产方式如何对接现代矮化栽培模式;分析了在砧木区域化、国外砧木引进与利用、客观评价M9T337、中间砧利用、大苗建园方式等方面值得关注的问题;介绍了我国几个应用较多的砧穗组合。认为“深根系砧木+短枝型品种”是解决我国现阶段进行‘富士’苹果矮化栽培的现实选择。

Discussion on apple dwarfing rootstock and dwarfing cultivation

Based on the analysis of the basic conception of dwarfing rootstock and the ideas of modern dwarfing cultivation, this thesis probes the main problems of apple dwarfing cultivation in current stage of China. These problems include how to conduct dwarfing cultivation of main varieties in the main production area, and how to connect the small-scale farming with modern mode of dwarfing cultivation. Moreover, it also focuses on the problems of the regionalization of rootstock, introduction and utilization of foreign rootstocks, objective evaluation of M9 T337, utilization of inter stock, establishment orchard using nursery tree with branches. In addition, several scion-rootstock combinations which are widely used in China are introduced. Finally, this paper suggested that ’deep root system rootstock + spur-type variety’ is the practical choice to solve the problem of dwarf cultivation of ’Fuji’ apple in China at present.