福建野生紫芝资源的开发利用Ⅰ.硬孔灵芝

驯化成功一种福建野生紫芝,并获得—个适于推广栽培的菌株紫芝S2(黑).采用扫描电镜观察紫芝S2(黑)显微结构,其担孢子形态结构与紫芝相似,大小为6.84-7.37μm×10.26-11.05μm;在其子实层发现一种带小梗(长约1μm)的球形小孢子(直径约2μm),表面有刺毛状纹饰.经鉴定确认紫芝S2(黑)为灵芝亚属紫芝组的硬孔灵芝(Ganoserma duropo-raLloyd),标本号为HAMS 95275.采用阔叶树边材栽培紫芝S2(黑)菌株,当年栽培产量可达22.03?24.10 kg.m-3,平均可达23.15 kg.m-3;2004-2005年大面积推广应用获得成功,累计栽培2777.29 m3,收获干芝总量达64.3 t.采用超声波循环提取、真空浓缩、高速离心喷雾干燥将其子实体加工成浸膏粉,产品检测结果表明,产品中水分、粗蛋白、多糖及灰分含量分别为4.4%、19.1%、36.2%和7.16%,其重金属元素Pb(<0.5μg.g-1)、As(0.68μg.g-1)、Hg(0.011μg.g-1)、Cd(0.44μg.g-1)的含量较低,达到药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准(WM2-2001)限量要求.采用超声波循环提取技术从子实体提取分离得到总多糖,气相色谱分析表明其单糖组成为阿拉伯糖、甘露糖和葡萄糖,摩尔比为0.39∶4.48∶1,以甘露糖为主.

Exploitation and utilization of wild Zhizi resource in Fujian Ⅰ.Ganoderma duropora (Sect. Phaeonema)

A wild resource of Ganoderma(Sect.Phaeonema in Subgen.) in Fujian was successfully domesticated,and the strain S2(Hei) suitable for popularization was obtained.The micro-morphology was observed by sacnning electron microscpe(SEM),the basdiospores were similar to Ganoderma sinense with a size of 6.84-7.37×10.26-11.05 μm.In addition,a kind of globoid spore(about 2 μm in diameter) was first observed in the hymenium,with a little peduncle(about 1 μm in length) and acanthoid appendix around the surface.S2(Hei) was officially identified as G.duropora Lloyd.with exemplar number HAMS 95275.The strain S2(Hei) has been applied and popularized for logcultivation with laburnum on a massive scale in 2004 and 2005.The yield(in primary year) could reach 22.03-24.10 kg·m~(-3),22.03 kg·m~(-3)in average.And the cultivated quantity and the total yield were respectively 2777.3 m~3(mycelia-colonized woodlogs,1 m~3 equal to 1100 kg) and 64301 kg(dry fruitbodies).The fruitbodies were processed into extract powder by clrculating-extraction with ultrasonic wave,concentrating under sub-vacuum condition and high-speed centrifugal spray-dry.The analytic results showed that content of moisture,crude protein,total polysaccharide and ash in the extract powder were 4.4%,19.1%,36.2% and 7.64% respectively,while the content of heavy metal elememts Pb,As,Cd and Hg were low(<0.5,0.68,0.011 and 0.44 μg·g~(-1) respectively),which coincided with hygienic standard Green Trade Standards of Importing & Exporting Medicinal Plants & Preparations(WM2-2001).The polysaccharide of the fruitbodies was extracted by ultrasonic circulating technique,and the major monosaccharide in the polysaccharide was glucose,mannose and galactose with a molar ratio of 0.39∶4.48∶1 by gas chromatography analysis.