有机铬对肉鸡日粮、粪中微量元素和小肠组织结构的影响

试验选用1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡792只,设6个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复33只鸡。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加酵母铬0.2 mg/kg、吡啶甲酸铬0.2 mg/kg和蛋氨酸铬0.1 mg/kg(Ⅰ)、0.2 mg/kg(Ⅱ)、0.6 mg/kg(Ⅲ)的日粮(以Cr3+计),自由采食、饮水,试验期为49 d。旨在研究日粮中添加不同有机铬源对肉鸡日粮、粪中微量元素和小肠组织结构的影响。结果表明,(1)酵母铬组和吡啶甲酸铬组日粮铜水平均显著降低(P<0.05),蛋氨酸铬(Ⅱ)组日粮锌水平显著降低(P<0.05);吡啶甲酸铬组和蛋氨酸铬(Ⅱ)组粪铜、粪锌排泄量均显著提高(P<0.05),且蛋氨酸铬(Ⅱ)组粪锰水平显著增加(P<0.05);不同铬源对日粮铁水平和粪铁排泄量均未产生显著影响(P>0.05)。(2)不同铬源均增加空肠黏膜厚度的趋势,且蛋氨酸铬(Ⅲ)组较对照组显著提高28.57%(P<0.05);不同铬源均能降低回肠绒毛长度和黏膜厚度,除酵母铬组黏膜厚度外,其他各试验组均达到显著水平(P<0.05);各试验组十二指肠绒毛长度和黏膜厚度差异均不显著(P>0.05)。由此可见,铬对日粮和粪中铜、锌、锰水平影响显著,对铁影响不显著;能增加空肠黏膜厚度,显著降低回肠绒毛长度和黏膜厚度。

Effects of organic chromium on the trace element of diet and feces and the small intestine structure in broilers

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of organic chromium on the trace element of diet and manure,and the structural form of small intestine structure in broilers.792 one-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allocated to six dietary treatments with four replicates of 33 broilers each.The control group was fed corn-soybean meal basal diet,treatment groups were supplemented with 0.2 mg/kg of Cr(as Yeast chromium),0.2 mg/kg of Cr(as Chromium picolinate),0.1mg/kg(as Methionine chromium;Ⅰ),0.2 mg/kg(as Methionine chromium;Ⅱ),0.6 mg/kg of Cr(as Methionine chromium;Ⅲ)in the basal diet respectirely.The results showed that:(1)Compared with control group,dietary copper was significantly decreased in the yeast chromium group and chromium picolinate group(P < 0.05),dietary zinc was significantly decreased in the methionine chromium(Ⅱ)group(P < 0.05).Fecal copper and zinc were significantly increased in chromium picolinate group and Methionine Chromium(Ⅱ)group(P < 0.05),and fecal manganese of Methionine chromium(Ⅱ)group increased significantly(P < 0.05).fecal iron and dietary iron were not significantly affected(P > 0.05).(2)The mucosal thickness of jejunum was increased compared to the control group,and Methionine chromium(Ⅲ)group was 28.57 % higher than control group(P < 0.05).The length of villus and the mucosal thickness of ileum were decreased significantly compared to the control group(P < 0.05),except mucosal thickness of yeast chromium group.There were no significant differences in organization structure of duodenum among treatment groups.The results suggested that,copper,zinc and manganese in didts amd feces were obviously affected by adding different sources of chromium,iron was not affected significantly.The mucosal thickness of jejunum were increased,and the length of villus and mucosal thickness of ileum were decreased(P < 0.05).