甘肃麦积山景区核桃坚果品质比较研究

甘肃麦积山景区是秦岭生物多样性的重要组成部分和西段的代表地段，景区内核桃原生分布，栽培历史悠久。在麦积山景区筛选了17个核桃优树，在山东泰山筛选了7个核桃优树，连同栽培品种香玲、元林，对比分析了麦积山景区核桃优树的坚果性状。结果显示，麦积山核桃优树的果实较小，坚果重平均为9.98g，而泰山核桃优树的坚果较大，坚果重平均达22.49g。泰山核桃优株的平均坚果重、壳厚、横径、缝横径极显著高于麦积山核桃优株，纵径显著高于麦积山核桃优株，但出仁率极显著低于麦积山核桃优株。麦积山核桃优树脂肪和蛋白质含量的平均值和泰山核桃优树脂肪和蛋白质含量的平均值没有显著差异，但供试的所有优树间脂肪和蛋白质含量有极显著差异，麦积山优树GS-17的脂肪含量高达70.24%，GS-12的蛋白质含量达到了20.31%。供试优树的脂肪酸和氨基酸组成相差不大，但必须氨基酸均比美国国家营养数据库公布值为高。研究为更好地利用麦积山景区的核桃资源提供了科学依据。

Study on nut characters of walnut (Juglans regia L.) in Maijishan Scenic Area,Gansu province

Maijishan representatives of the scenic area ,Gansu province is western ecotone of Qingling range. an important component of biological diversity and Walnut （Juglans regia L.） in Maijishan scenic area is native and has a long cultivation history. The seventeen walnut trees selected in Maijishan scenic area were empolyed to study the nut quality of the area comparing with seven walnut trees selected in Taishan and two cuhivars. It was showed that the nut of walnut in Maijishan scenic area was smaller than that in Taishan. The average nut weight of walnut in Maijishan scenic area and in Taishan were 9.98 g and 22.49 g respectively. The average of nut weight, thickness of shell, horizontal diameter and horizontal diameter of suture of walnut in Taishan were higher than that of walnut in Maijishan significantly at P〈0.01, the average of vertical diameter of walnut in Taishan was higher than that of walnut in Maijishan significantly at P〈0.05, but the kernel ratio was lower than that of walnut in Maijishan significantly at P〈0.01. There was no significant difference in the average content of fat and protein of walnut between in Maijishan and in Taishan, but there were differences in the content of fat and protein among walnut trees selected in Maijishan and Taishan significantly at P〈0.01. The content of fat of Maijishan elite tree GS-17 was the highest （70.24%）, the content of protien of Maijishan elite tree GS-12 was 20.31%. There were no significant differences in composition of fatty acids and amino acids of walnut trees selected in Maijishan and Taishan, but the composition of essential amino acids of all selected walnut trees was higher than that was published by the USDA National Nutrition Database. This research laid scientific basis for the useing of walnut resources in Maijishan scenic area.