磷矿粉、骨炭和油菜秸秆对重金属复合污染土壤细菌和古菌数量的影响

微生物的活动在土壤生态系统中发挥着重要的作用,作为检测土壤质量的敏感指标,其基因拷贝数的变化是响应外界环境的一种方式.通过土壤盆栽试验,结合Real-time PCR技术研究不同改良剂添加对重金属复合污染土壤细菌和古菌16S rRNA基因拷贝数的影响.结果表明:各处理中土壤细菌16S rRNA基因拷贝数在每克干土6.02×109～1.82×10m个之间,古菌在每克干土7.99×106～2.97×107个之间.污染土壤中添加不同改良剂对土壤中古菌和细菌16S rRNA基因拷贝数的影响有差异,种植玉米与否也影响这两种微生物在土壤的基因拷贝数.不种植玉米时,与对照相比,添加磷矿粉、骨炭和油菜秸秆处理导致土壤细菌基因拷贝数提高116.8％～163.2％;磷矿粉和骨炭处理导致土壤古菌基因拷贝数分别提高171.1％和224.8％.种植玉米时,添加骨炭和油菜秸秆处理导致土壤细菌的基因拷贝数分别比对照处理提高104.2％和92.0％；土壤中古菌的基因拷贝数除了添加骨炭处理显著比对照处理提高231.3％外,其他处理对土壤古菌基因拷贝数均没有影响.

Effects of Phosphate Rock, Bone Char and Rape Straw on Quantity of Bacteria and Archaea in Soils Combined Polluted by Heavy Metals

The activity of microorganisms played an important role in soil ecosystem. As one of the sensitive indicators of monitoring the quality of soil, the gene copies numbers of microorganisms were more and more used to diagnose the change of soil environment. Effects of different amendments on the 16S rRNA gene copies numbers of bacteria and archaea in soil combined polluted by heavy metals were studied by using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that the range of 16S rRNA gene copies numbers of bacteria and archaea were 6.02×109~1.82×1010 and 7.99×106~2.97×107 copies per gram of dry soil, respectively. Addition of different amendments and planting maize could influence the 16S rRNA gene copies numbers of bacteria and archaea in soil contaminated by heavy metals. For the treatments without maize, addition of phosphate rock, bone char and rape straw led to the increase of gene copies of bacteria in soil by 116.8%~163.2% comparing with the control treatment, and the phosphate treatment and bone char treatment led to the increase of the gene copies of archaea in soil by 171.1% and 224.8% respectively. For the treatments planting maize, addition of bone char and rape straw led to the gene copies of bacteria in soil increase by 104.2% and 92.0% respectively comparing with the control treatment. Except for the gene copies of archaea in soil increase of 231.3% by adding bone char, there was no significant effect on the gene copies of archaea in soil by adding other amendments comparing with the control treatment.