植物碱基错配修复系统中Muts蛋白家族研究进展

DNA错配修复(mismatch repair,MMR)是DNA损伤修复的一个重要途径,主要用于细胞中DNA合成和遗传重组时发生损伤过程中出现的单个或少数碱基的缺失、插入以及错配的修复,它对维持基因组稳定性和DNA复制保真度至关重要。原核生物和真核生物中都有非常保守的MMR系统。在人体DNA修复系统的研究中,发现癌症的发生与Muts蛋白家族功能缺陷密切相关。类似的在拟南芥和水稻中功能缺陷的Muts蛋白家族(同源蛋白Muts homolog,MSH)会产生增变基因表型,这将为植物的基因功能分析和育种利用奠定基础。基于此,本文综述了近年来有关植物DNA错配修复及相关基因功能的研究进展,特别是植物MMR功能缺陷导致基因突变和微卫星不稳定造成的性状畸形进行了描述,对Muts蛋白家族各个亚基功能做了分类说明,并对植物中如何利用MSH产生的增变基因突变和如何利用突变育种研究进行了展望。

Research Progress of Muts-Protein Family in Plant DNA Mismatch Repair System

DNA mismatch repair (mismatch repair, MMR) is an important way of DNA damage repair, and it is mainly used to repair the lack of a single or a few bases, insert and mismatch in the process of DNA damage occurred when DNA synthesis and genetic re-combination in the cell, which is very important to maintain genomic stability and DNA replication fidelity. MMR systems are very conservative in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It was found that the occurrence of cancer is closely associated with functional defect of the Muts-protein family in the study of human DNA repair system. Similarly, it has been found that functional defect of the Muts-protein family will appear gene mutant or phenotypes in the Arabidopsis and rice, which will lay the foundation for the further study of plant functional gene analysis and breeding. In this paper, the author reviewed recent advances in the research of mismatch repair of plant DNA and the function of related genes, especially the mutations caused by plant MMR functional defects and microsatellite in-stability. It is suggested that MMR mutants can be used as a reference for further breeding of MMR-deficient mutants.