污泥生物质炭的碳、氮矿化特性及其对大棚番茄产量品质的影响

为了探讨污泥生物质炭碳、氮矿化规律和肥料效应，采用室内培养和大田设施番茄生产试验，研究了污泥生物质炭的碳、氮矿化特性及其污泥生物质炭对作物产量、品质与肥料利用率的影响。结果表明，在有机碳（或氮）施用量相同条件下，污泥生物质炭的CO2-C矿化量显著低于牛粪生物堆肥(P<0.05)，培养21周的污泥生物质炭的碳矿化率仅为牛粪生物堆肥的13.7%。污泥生物质炭处理的土壤氮素平均矿化量显著高于牛粪生物堆肥处理，培养21周污泥生物质炭和牛粪生物堆肥氮素平均矿化率分别为6.9%、1.0%。在较高肥力水平的设施土壤上施用污泥生物质炭或污泥生物质炭，与化肥配施对番茄果实和生物总产量的肥效与等养分量的牛粪生物堆肥和化肥相当，不会降低番茄的营养品质和风味品质，对番茄硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量的安全品质影响风险较小。施用污泥生物质炭各处理的氮、磷、钾肥利用率均低于单施牛粪生物堆肥处理，但在不影响作物产量和品质的条件下，对提高设施土壤肥力十分有利。

Carbon, Nitrogen Mineralization and Effects on Yield and Quality of Tomato in Greenhouse of Biochar Made by Sludge

Both house culture and field experiments were carried out to study effects of biochar made by sludge and combining application of biochar made by sludge and chemical fertilizer on yield and quality of cultivated tomato and utilization rate of fertilizer in order to investigate carbon, nitrogen mineralization characteristics and fertilizer effect of biochar made by sludge. The results showed that, under the same organic carbon (or nitrogen) application rate, the amount of CO2-C mineralized of biochar made by sludge was significantly lower than that of cow composting (P<0.05). The carbon mineralization rate of sludge biochar which was cultured 21 weeks was 13.7% that of cow composting. Soil average nitrogen mineralization rate of sludge biochar treatment was significantly higher than that in cow composting. The average nitrogen mineralization rate of sludge biochar and cow composting cultured for 21 weeks were 6.9% and 1.0%, respectively. There was no difference in tomato fruit yields and biomass between sludge biochar and cow composting treatments in cultured soil with higher fertility level. In addition, there was no undesirable effect on tomato nutrient quality, flavor quality and nitrate and nitrite content in tomato in the sludge biochar treatment. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer utilization of sludge biochar treatment was lower than single application of cow composting. But sludge biochar was very beneficial to improve greenhouse soil fertility the condition that the tomato yield and quality was not affected.