人参病虫害发生及农药施用现状调查

通过对辽宁、吉林、黑龙江等中国人参主产区进行实地调查，获取第一手的人参病虫害发生、为害及农药施用现状。通过与人参种植户、人参种植合作社负责人以及农业技术推广人员的沟通与交流，结合问卷调查和技术培训等方式进行调查。参农普遍认为春季和夏季是病虫害的高发季节，对秋季，特别是秋末冬初病虫害防治不够重视，而该阶段恰是预防和杀死越冬害虫和病菌的关键时期；中国人参主产区当前主要病害有人参黑斑病、人参菌核病、人参红皮病及人参根腐病等，防治所用农药主要是代森铵；主要虫害是金针虫和地老虎，防治所用农药主要是辛硫磷；不科学、不规范用药有可能导致病菌和害虫抗药性增强，不利于人参病虫害的有效防治。通过此次调查，初步了解了人参当前病虫害发生、为害特点及农药施用现状，为开展深入研究提供了有价值的参考依据。

Investigation of pests and diseases occurrence and pesticide application status in main production areas of Panax ginseng

Combined with questionnaires surveys and scientific and technical training, individual ginseng planters, charges of ginseng cultivating cooperation, as well as the scientific and technical personnels at field base were investigated at ginseng main producing areas in Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang province of China. As a result, the firsthand information on pests and diseases prevailing at ginseng, and the application of pesticides in field were got. Results indicated that, diseases prevalence in ginseng main producing areas in China were ginseng black spot, ginseng Sclerotinia, ginseng Erythrodermic, ginseng root rot diseases, etc., pesticide used was mainly dyson ammonium. Wireworms and cutworms were the main pests, and pesticide used was mainly Phoxim. Through this survey, occurrence and damage characteristics of pests and diseases in P. ginseng, including the application status of pesticides were preliminarily understood, which provide theoretical basis for further research.