近50年山西省霜冻特征分析

为了全面认识山西省霜冻天气特征，为农业的精细化区划提供更多参考，利用全省70个地面气象站逐日最低地温资料，采用线性倾向和小波分析等方法，对山西省霜冻特征进行分析。结果表明：（1）山西省初、终霜日及无霜期的空间分布差异明显，最早最晚初霜日相差79天，终霜日相差112天，无霜期相差282天。（2）总体上，山西省初霜日推后，终霜日提前，无霜期延长。20世纪90年代后，初霜日推后的趋势明显加大。初霜日和无霜期的年代际变化存在明显的地域差异，而终霜日不明显。（3）小波分析揭示，山西省初、终霜日以及无霜期均存在多尺度变化特征，但三者存在明显差异，且在不同的时间尺度上，突变点不同。（4）山西省重度霜冻灾害多出现在20世纪60年代和70年代；21世纪以后，出现重度终霜冻灾害的几率增加。因此，采取科学的区划方式，合理调整种植布局，才能有效提高农业产业水平。

The Feature Analysis of Frost Event in Shanxi Province in Recent 50 Years

In order to know the feature of frost event in the round, and provide more reference for agricultural fine compartment, the feature of frost event in Shanxi Province was analyzed by using minimum surface temperature data day by day of 70 meteorological stations, and applying linear trend and wavelet analysis method. The results showed that: (1) there had apparently spatial deference among the first frost, the last frost and the frost-free period. The earliest first frost differed the latest one about 79 days, the earliest last frost differed the latest one about 112 days, and there differed frost-free period about 282 days. (2) As a whole, the first frost occurred later, the last frost occurred earlier, while the frost-free period became longer. The later trend of the first frost was increasing after 1990s. There had apparent regional difference of the first frost and the frost-free period with decadal change, but the last frost not. (3) There had much scale feature of the first frost, the last frost, and the frost-free period. But they had apparent difference. There had different abrupt change in different time scale. (4) Serious frost disaster occurred 1960s and 1970s, the probability of serious last frost became increasing after 21 century. So only taking scientific compartment way, adjusting reasonably plant layout, people could improve the level of agriculture industry.