冬闲稻田马铃薯栽培方式比较试验

为探讨冬闲田马铃薯轻简化栽培技术，实现马铃薯高产高效生产，研究了不同栽培方式对冬闲稻田马铃薯生长、产量与效益的影响，为大力发展冬作马铃薯提供参考依据。在冬闲稻田进行轻简栽培Ⅰ、轻简栽培Ⅱ、地膜覆盖栽培、稻草覆盖栽培和裸地栽培等马铃薯栽培方式的比较试验。结果表明：不同栽培方式土壤温度的差异是导致出苗早晚的主要原因，轻简栽培Ⅱ的平均土壤分别比地膜覆盖栽培、轻简栽培Ⅰ、稻草覆盖栽培和裸地栽培高0.82℃、1.35℃、1.72℃、2.16℃，出苗期分别提早2天、4天、15天和20天；地膜覆盖栽培的商品薯产量最高，地膜覆盖栽培、轻简栽培Ⅱ、稻草覆盖栽培、轻简栽培Ⅰ和裸地栽培的产量分别为21743.7、21345.6、15613.5、14783.9、12378.7 kg/hm2；轻简栽培Ⅱ的经济效益最高，轻简栽培Ⅱ、地膜覆盖栽培、稻草覆盖栽培、轻简栽培Ⅰ和裸地栽培的经济效益依次为11133.0、6609.9、5584.2、2571.6、-3424.1元/hm²。

The Researches of Different Potato Cultivation Methods in Winter Fallow Rice Field

In order to explore the potato simplified cultivation techniques with high yield and efficiency in winter fallow fields and provide a reference for the development of the winter potato, the effects of different cultivation methods on growth, yields and benefit of potato grown in the winter fallow fields were studied. Five cultivation methods including portable cultivation Ⅰ, portable cultivation Ⅱ, mulching film cultivation, straw mulching cultivation and non-mulching cultivation were conducted in winter fallow rice field. There were differences in soil temperature resulting in the different seedling time among the different cultivation methods. The average soil temperature of portable cultivation Ⅱ was 0.82℃, 1.35℃, 1.72℃, 2.16℃ higher than mulching film cultivation, portable cultivation Ⅰ, straw mulching cultivation and cultivated with non-mulching respectively. The seedling time of portable cultivation Ⅱ was 2 days, 4 days, 15 days, 20 days earlier than mulching film cultivation, portable cultivation Ⅰ, straw mulching cultivation and non-mulching cultivation respectively. The commercial potato yields of mulching film cultivation, portable cultivation Ⅱ, straw mulching cultivation, portable cultivation Ⅰ and non-mulching cultivation were 21743.7, 21345.6, 15613.5, 14783.9, 12378.7 kg/hm2 respectively. The economic efficiency of portable cultivation Ⅱ, mulching film cultivation, straw mulching cultivation, portable cultivation and non-mulching cultivation were 11133.0, 6609.9, 5584.2, 2571.6, minus 3424.1 yuan/hm2respectively.