昆虫越冬虫态及耐寒策略概述

昆虫作为生物界种物种多样性最丰富的类群之一，在长期进化过程中形成了各种提高耐寒能力和适应低温变化的策略，以度过不良环境、完成生活史和繁衍后代。为了全面深入了解昆虫的越冬耐寒性特点，本研究总结了昆虫的越冬虫态和昆虫在行为及生理生化方面的耐寒策略。重点分析归纳了昆虫如何调节体内含水量、形成体内冰核物质、改变代谢途径、积累抗冻小分子物质、产生与耐寒相关的蛋白、构成抗冻物质系统以抵御寒冷的策略等方面的研究进展，为未来昆虫耐寒性研究提供了详细全面的理论依据。

Review of Insects Overwintering Stages and Cold Resistance Strategies

Insects are one of the most biodiversity-rich ecological groups in the organic sphere. In order to resist to adverse environment, complete life history and survive from the long process of adaptation, insects have evolved a series of strategies to improve the ability of cold resistance and the ability of withstanding low temperature changes. For better understanding the specific characters of cold-resistance ability of insects, this paper reviewed research progresses in the following aspects: overwintering stages, overwintering behavior, as well as physiological and biochemical mechanisms of cold tolerance. Detail strategies were also discussed, such as moisture content adjusting, ice nucleator in the body, metabolic pathways changing, antifreeze small molecular substances accumulating, antifreeze proteins producing and antifreeze material system establishing. Previous studies were summarized, basis information was provided for the future studies of insect coldresistance.