旱地花生不同土壤类型植株钾素积累动态研究

为了对旱地花生科学施肥提供依据，在大田条件下，以砂姜黑土和棕壤为对象，研究了花生生育期内植株钾积累特性。结果表明：2种土壤类型花生植株根、茎、叶中钾积累量幼苗期都处于较低水平，二者差异不大；出苗后50天到成熟期，砂姜黑土花生根中钾积累量显著高于棕壤，而茎、叶钾积累量在出苗后60天明显低于棕壤。砂姜黑土花生籽仁中钾积累量比棕壤高60%。2种土壤类型花生整株钾积累符合Logistic方程，成熟期砂姜黑土整株钾积累量比棕壤高10%。棕壤花生茎、叶中钾转移到荚果的绝对量小于砂姜黑土，但其所占荚果钾积累比例高于砂姜黑土，进一步提高花生营养体钾素转化率是砂姜黑土花生高效施钾有效途径之一。

Study on Potassium Accumulation Dynamics in Different Dry Soil Types of Peanut

In order to provide scientific fertilization for dry soil of peanuts, under the condition of field cultivation, with lime concretion black soil and brunisolic soil for object, plant K fertility characteristics in peanut growing season were studied. The results showed that roots, stems and leaves K accumulation in the two kind soil had a low level in seedling stage, and the difference was not much. From 50th day after emergence to maturity, K accumulation of root in lime concretion black was significant higher than that in brunisolic soil. But K accumulation of stem and leaf was significant lower than that in brunisolic soil after 60th day of emergence. K accumulation in peanut fruit kernel of lime concretion black soil was 60 percent higher than that of brunisolic soil. Peanut whole plant K accumulation in two kind soil types accorded with Logistic equation, and whole plant K accumulation in lime concretion black soil was 10 percent higher than that in brunisolic soil in mature stage. Absolute magnitude in the stem and leaf K transferred to the pod of brunisolic soil peanuts were less than that of lime concretion black soil, but the total ratio of the stem and leaf K accumulation transferred to pod of brunisolic soil was higher than lime concretion black soil. Improving for K conversion rate of peanut is an effective way for using efficiency of K in lime concretion black soil.