转基因大豆种植对根际土壤酶活性和养分的影响

采用盆栽试验，以耐草甘膦大豆M88、抗虫耐草甘膦大豆ZB及常规大豆中黄13为研究对象，比较分析转基因大豆对根际土壤酶活性和养分含量的影响。结果表明，在大豆成熟期时，与常规大豆中黄13相比， M88、ZB根际土壤碱性磷酸酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性、速效磷含量无显著差异，硝态氮含量显著下降。根际土壤脲酶活性、铵态氮含量则表现不同，其变化随大豆品种的不同而不同。相较于常规大豆中黄13， M88根际土壤脲酶活性和铵态氮含量无显著差异； ZB根际土壤脲酶活性显著下降，而铵态氮含量则显著上升。 

Effects of transgenic soybean on enzyme activities and nutrients in rhizosphere soil

Transgenic crops were grown in an increasingly large scale around world, and accompanied by public concern about their potential ecological and environmental impacts. Evaluation of the effect of genetically modified crops on soil enzyme activity and nutrient content is critical for the soil ecosystem. In order to investigate the effects of planting transgenic soybean on enzyme activities and nutrient contents of rhizosphere soil, the changes of the enzyme activities (urease, alkaline phosphatase and hydrogen peroxidase) and nutrient contents (nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus) in rhizosphere soil were examined in microcosm experiments. Two varieties of transgenic soybean M88(CP4 epsps), ZB(Bt cry1Ab+CP4 epsps) and a conventional soybean Zhonghuang 13 were selected. Compared with the conventional variety, the soil enzyme activities (alkaline phosphatase and hydrogen peroxidase) and available phosphorus content of transgenic soybean had no significant difference, but the nitrate content decreased significantly. However, remarkable differences existed between M88 and ZB in terms of ammonium nitrogen and urease activity in rhizosphere soil. Compared with the conventional variety, the urease activity and ammonium nitrogen content of transgenic soybean M88 had no significant difference. In transgenic soybean ZB, the urease activity decreased significantly, and the ammonium nitrogen content increased significantly.