炭基肥对马铃薯品质和产量的影响

生物炭与化肥混合加工制成的炭基肥具有改良土壤，保水保肥，延长肥效的作用。为了给内蒙古阴山北麓地区马铃薯生产中合理施用炭基肥提供理论依据，以‘克新1号’品种为材料，采用随机区组设计，研究了0、300、600、900、1200 kg/hm²炭基肥及等量N、P、K化肥对马铃薯产量、品质和效益的影响。结果表明：随着炭基肥施肥量的增加，马铃薯产量逐渐增加。炭基肥施用量300、600、900、1200 kg/hm²的产量分别较对照增产26.01%、34.77%、43.39%、49.71%，差异达到显著或极显著水平。1200 kg/hm²的炭基肥施肥量下，马铃薯单株结薯数、单薯重、大薯率均高于对照。块茎直链淀粉含量显著高于对照，支链淀粉含量、淀粉总含量和蛋白质含量虽表现出增加的趋势，但与对照差异未达显著水平。各炭基肥处理均可降低块茎还原糖含量，且600、900、1200 kg/hm²处理与对照相比差异达到了显著水平。等量N、P、K条件下，施炭基肥的马铃薯单株结薯数、单薯重、大薯率、产量、块茎直链淀粉、支链淀粉、总淀粉和蛋白质含量以及效益均高于化肥，还原糖含量低于化肥。炭基肥施用量为1200 kg/hm²的产量、品质和效益最好，是适合阴山北麓地区马铃薯种植的施肥量。

The Effects of carbon based fertilizer on the Yield and Quality of Potato

Carbon based fertilizer was a mixture of biochar and chemical fertilizer, it could ameliorate the construct of soil, and preserve soil water and fertilizer. In order to get some theoretical foundation for reasonable application of carbon based fertilizer in the production of potato of Wuchuan areas in Inner Mongolia, random block design was adopted to study the effects of the carbon based fertilizer on the yield, quality and efficiency of ＇Kexinl＇ by applying 0, 300, 600, 900 and 1200 kg/hm2 of this fertihzer and the same amount of N, P, K fertilizer. The results showed that： with the increment of carbon based fertilizer, the yield of potato of the carbon based fertilizer increased by 26.01%, 34.77%, 43.39% and 49.71% than that of CK, and the differences were significant or extremely significant. The number of tuber per plant, the weight of a tuber and the rate of big tubers of the 1200 kg/hm2 treatment were much higher than CK. The amylose content of the eight treatments was significantly higher than CK. The amylopectin content, total starch content and proteincontent of the eight treatments of were higher than that of CK, but the differences did not reach significant level. The application of the carbon based fertilizer could decrease the level of reducing sugar content, and the level of the 600, 900, 1200 kg/hm2 treatments were significantly lower than that of CK. The results showed that： the number of tuber per plant, the weight of single tuber, the rate of big tubers, yield, amylose content, amylopectin content, total starch content, protein content and efficiency of the treatments with carbon based fertilizer were higher, and the content of reducing sugar was lower than that of treatments with chemical fertilizer of the same amount of N, P, K. The yield, quality and efficiency of potato of 1200 kg/hm2 treatment were higher, and it was the suitable match for local plant.