126份花生品种主要农艺性状遗传多样性分析

种质资源是花生遗传改良的重要基因来源。为了解花生栽培种资源的遗传多样性，利用来源于5个国家的126份花生栽培种为试验材料，对126个花生品种的22个分级性状和17个农艺性状的遗传参数进行分析。结果表明，22个分级性状和17个农艺性状遗传多样性指数的均值分别为0.813和1.947；17个农艺性状的变异系数均值为22.17%，其中11个农艺性状的变异系数大于20%，达到较高程度变异；遗传参数方面，主茎高等8个性状的广义遗传率大于75%，而结果枝数和单株果数等4个性状的广义遗传率较低，小于50%。进一步分析发现，公斤果数和出仁率的相对遗传进度分别为1010.15和475.26，可获得的遗传增量分别可达到101.74和722.88。以上说明这126份材料间存在着丰富的遗传多样性，农艺性状的改良潜力巨大。

Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Main Agronomic Traits in 126 Peanut Varieties

Germplasm resource is an important gene source of peanut genetic improvement. To know genetic diversity in cultivated peanut resources, 126 peanut（Arachis hypogaea L.） varieties from 5 countries were selected in the study to analyze genetic parameters of 22 classification traits and 17 agronomic traits. The results showed： the mean value of index of genetic diversity（H’） in 22 classification traits and 17 agronomic traits were 0.813 and 1.947, respectively. The mean value of coefficient of variance（CV） in 17 agronomic traits were 22.17%. And that, CV was over 20% of 11 agronomic traits, these values reached a higher level. The value of broad sense heritability（hB 2%） was larger than 75% in 8 traits like plant height, and so on. Yet hB 2% was smaller than 50% in 4 traits, such as No. of pod branches, etc. Further analysis found that the relative genetic advance（ G） were 1010.15 and 475.26 in pods per kilogram and shelling percentage, and its genetic gain（G） were 101.74 and 722.88, respectively. Overall, genetic diversity was abundant in 126 varieties. And this group had great potential for further genetic improvement in agronomic traits.