基于灰色系统理论用机械特性指标预测苹果贮藏品质特性

研究了用机械特性指标测定和预测苹果贮藏品质的理论和方法。通过对冷藏条件下苹果理化特性与机械特性的连续测定，用灰色关联分析法研究了苹果理化特性与机械特性之间的关系，可知各理化特性指标对机械特性指标有不同程度的影响；用灰色系统理论的GM(1,5)模型建立了苹果品质多因子动态变化的数学模型，可确定苹果理化特性的各项指标对机械特性指标的影响与作用；用灰色系统理论的GM(1,2)模型确定了苹果机械特性与理化特性之间的关系，认为可用压缩时的最大力描述苹果的硬度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸和水分，用压缩时的屈服力描述苹果的硬度、可滴定酸和水分，用弹性模量E0.5描述苹果的硬度；建立了灰色系统理论的预测模型GM(1,1)，在贮藏过程中，可用该模型预测苹果机械特性和理化特性动态变化的规律。通过验证，确定了预测模型的可用性。结果表明，用机械特性指标测定和预测苹果的贮藏品质是可行的，有一定的理论意义和实用价值。

Estimation of apple storage quality properties with mechanical property based on grey system theory

The theory and method for estimating the storage quality of apple using mechanical property indexes were studied. Gray relevancy analysis of the relationship between physicochemical properties and mechanical properties of apple was conducted after a continuous testing for those properties under refrigeration, and it was found that physicochemical property indexes had diverse effects on mechanical property ones. The mathematical model for multifactor dynamic changes of apple quality, which can determine the effects of various physicochemical property indexes on mechanical property ones, was established by using GM(1,5). Furthermore, the relationship between mechanical properties and physicochemical properties of apple was ascertained by GM(1,2). It was considered that the parameters, such as hardness, titratable acid, moisture content, and soluble solid, could be described with the maximum compression force, and the first three parameters could also be described with yielding force. In addition, the hardness could be described with Young's modulus E_0.5. In conclusion, GM(1,1) was established, which could be used to estimate the dynamic change regularity of the above two properties of apple during its storage. The usability of the model was proved by experiments. The results indicated that it was feasible to determine and estimate the storage quality of apple by using mechanical property indexes, which was very significant and useful in both theory and practice.