黄土丘陵区水土保持型生态农业的理论与实践

安塞县纸坊沟小流域通过水土保持型生态农业建设,将农林牧用地比例由1983年的1:0.3:0.5调整到1990年的1:0.98:1.2,使生态环境和农业生产条件得到改善,扭转了整个农业生态系统的恶性循环。年土壤侵蚀模数由1.4万t/km2减少为6500t/km~2,粮食产量达2175～3225kg/hm~2,人均产粮由420.2kg提高到601.5kg,1990年人均纯收入达667元。该文以纸坊沟为例,论述了黄土丘陵区水土保持型生态农业建设的意义、指导思想、结构和功能及实施途径,提出了水土保持型生态农业建设的三个阶段和每个阶段要求达到的指标,为该地区生态农业建设提供了进一步治理开发的意见。

Theory and Practice of Eco-agriculture of Soil Conservation in Rolling Loess Region

Through construction of eco-agriculture of soil conservation, the proportion of land use for agricut-ture, forest and pasture in Zhifanggou small watershed of the Ansai County in Shaanxi province was adjust-ed from 1 : 0. 3 : 0. 5 in 1983 to 1 : 0. 98 : 1. 2 in 1990. The ecological environment and agricultural condition were improved and the vicious cycle of ecosystem of the whole agriculture was corrected, Annual erosion modulus decreased from 14000t/km2 to 6500t/km2, the grain output reached 2175-3225kg/km2 and the grain per capita increased from 420. 2kg to 601. 5kg. Annual average net income in 1990 reached 667 yuan. Citied as an example the achievement in the Zhifanggou small watershed, the paper expounded the significance, guiding ideology, structure, function and implementing ways of the construction of eco-agriculture of soil conservation in rolling Loess region. The author also puts forward the idea of three stages in the construction and required indexes to be obtained at each stage. The paper also provided suggestion of further harnessment and exploitation for the construction of eco-agriculture in the studied area.