晋西黄土丘陵沟壑区坡面土壤侵蚀及预报研究

细沟间侵蚀是指坡面上细沟未形成之前或细沟形成之后细沟间的土壤侵蚀过程。细沟间侵蚀量预报是整个坡面水土流失预报的一个重要组成部分。本文以晋西黄土丘陵沟壑区的土壤侵蚀为背景,以野外及室内试验资料为基础,论述了降雨动能、土壤抗剪强度、坡度、植被、表土结皮对细沟间土壤侵蚀的影响,提出了坡面一次降雨细沟间侵蚀总量的预报模型。本模型与径流及细沟侵蚀量预报模型结合,可形成一个较为完整的坡面水蚀总量预报模型。

Soil Erosion and Its Prediction on Slope Surface in the Gullied Hilly Loess Region of Western Shanxi Province (Part of Rill Erosion)

Rill erosion refers to the soil erosion process taking place between rills before or after formation of rills on the slope surface. Prediction of amount of soil erosion between rills is an important item of the prediction of soil loss on the slope surface. Based on the soil erosion in gullied hilly loess region of western Shanxi Province and the data obtained from field and laboratory experiments, the paper details the influence of ki-netic energy of precipitation, intensity of shear-resistance of soil, slope gradient, vegetation and surface crusting on soil erosion between rills, and puts forward the prediction model of total amount of rill erosion in one rainfall event. Incorporating with the runoff prediction model, the proposed model forms an integral prediction model for water erosion on the slope surface.