湘西自治州土壤侵蚀的主要原因及防治

大规模的毁林垦荒,不合理的油桐、油茶垦复,是湘西自治州土壤加速侵蚀的主要原因。本文针对已经丧失森林土壤抗冲、入渗性能的垦荒、垦复地。提出了制止陡坡垦荒,建设梯土,改顺坡耕作为等高耕作;以宽带轮垦、条带作埂、穴垦及免耕等方式,取代老的油桐、油茶挖山全垦整地方式;大力营造水保林、薪炭林,以及控制人口增长,发展地方“拳头”产品,建设小水电、沼气池和购买煤炭等建议,以兹达到全面恢复森林植被,从根本上防治土壤侵蚀的目的。

Main Factors of Soil Erosion and Preventing Methods in the West Hunan Autonomous Prefecture

Destroying trees and reclaiming wasteland in a large scale and Irrational reclamation of tea-oil tree and tung oil tree are the main factors for speeding up the soil erosion in west Hunan Autonomous Prefecture. In view of this reclamation that the soil has lost the ability of anti-erosion and permeability, suggestions on checking reclamation on steep slopes, building terraced fields, changing tillage along slopes into contour tillage; replac-ing the old way of soil preparation for plantation of tea-oil tree and tung oil tree by taking the methods of rotation reclamation for wide strip, building ridges on strips, planting by pits and non-tillage;devoting major efforts to afforestation for erosion control and fuel, controlling population growth; developing the best local products; building small hydro-electric projects and methane-generating pits and purchasing coal have been put forward for entirly recovering forest vegetation and thoroughly preventing the soil erosion.