氮素精准管理对小麦产量和氮素利用的影响

为实现氮素高效利用与小麦籽粒产量协同提高的目标,于2017-2018和2018-2019年在山东省泰安市和德州市两地进行了基于小麦氮肥需求特征的氮肥精准管理试验,设传统农户施肥(FN)和氮肥精准管理(PN)2个处理。结果表明,与传统农户施肥相比,氮肥精准管理可以在氮肥用量减少30.2%~44.8%的情况下,使小麦籽粒产量增加7.9%~11.6%,使氮素吸收效率提高43.4%~63.3%,使氮素表观利用率增加30.7%~68.7%,使氮素农学效率提高50.6%~81.3%,使氮肥偏生产力增加84.0%~103.2%。这说明,基于小麦需肥特征的氮肥精准管理能在显著降低氮肥投入量的同时取得较高产量,这为减氮增效协同目标的实现奠定了理论基础。

Effect of Precision Management of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Wheat Yield and Nitrogen Utilization

In order to achieve the goal of synergistic improvement of nitrogen utilization and economic yield of wheat,precision management experiments of nitrogen fertilizer based on the characteristics of wheat nitrogen demand were conducted in Tai''an and Dezhou,during two consecutive years in 2017-2018 and 2018-2019. Two treatments:farmer traditional management of nitrogen(FN) and precision management of nitrogen fertilizer(PN),were set up in the experiment. The results showed that under the PN treatment,when nitrogen application was decreased by 30.2%- 44.8% ,with an average decrease rate of 37.6%,wheat grain yield was increased by 7.9%- 11.6% ,with an average increase rate of 9.9%; nitrogen absorption efficiency was increased by 43.4%- 63.3%,with an average increase rate of 55.0%; nitrogen apparent recovery efficiency(RE) was increased by 30.7%-68.7%,with an average increase rate of 44.6%; nitrogen agronomic efficiency(AE) was increased by 50.6%-81.3%,with an average increase rate of 61.7%; and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer(PFP) was increased by 84.0%-103.2%,with an average increaserate of 81.9%. It is confirmed that the PN treatment based on the characteristics of wheat fertilizer requirement can significantly reduce the input of nitrogen fertilizer and achieve a higher yield level,which provides a theoretical basis for achieving the synergistic goal of reducing nitrogen and increasing efficiency.