北疆超晚冬播小麦高产生育规律及干物质积累研究

为探明北疆超晚冬播小麦高产生育特性和干物质积累分配规律,2016—2018年采用裂区设计研究了3个超晚冬播处理(B_0、B_1、B_2)与春播处理(B_3)对新春6号、新春27号、新春29号、新春43号的生育特性、叶面积指数、干物质积累和产量的影响。结果表明:超晚播小麦比春小麦(B_3)早出苗13～24 d、早成熟7～9 d,延长生育期2～18 d,增加穗粒数1.6%～45.5%、增加千粒重9.4%～19.5%;降低基本苗数15.6%～60.0%、总茎数峰值5.4%～24.2%、成穗数21.3%～36.7%、叶面积指数峰值25.7%～37.7%,可增加干物质积累质量4.4%～44.1%,提高经济系数6.4%～21.5%,增加产量11.4%～21.2%。各品种超晚冬播处理以11月初播种(B_2)产量较高。其中,新春27号B_2获得产量7 852.8 kg·hm~(-2),生育期较春小麦延长13 d,早熟9 d;基本苗数270万株·hm~(-2)、成穗数441.7万穗·hm~(-2),最高叶面积指数4.6,干物质积累质量17 685.7 kg·hm~(-2),经济系数为0.47。新春27号在11月初播种,播量为1 000万粒·hm~(-2),可获得产量7 852.8 kg·hm~(-2)。

Study on the growth regularity of high yield and dry matter accumulation of the extremely|late winter sown wheat in Northern Xinjiang

In order to investigate characteristics of growth and dry matter accumulation and distribution of high yield wheat under extremely|late winter sowing in the Northern Xinjiang. In 2016-2018, a split|plot experiment design was used to study the effects of sowing date treatment of three extremely|late winter sowing (B₀, B₁, and B₂) and spring sowing (B₃) on the growth characteristics, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, and yield of the Xinchun 6, Xinchun 27, Xinchun 29, and Xinchun 43. The results showed that compared with spring wheat (B₃), extremely|late sowed winter wheat emerged seedling 13~24 d earlier, matured 7~9 d earlier, extended growth period 2~18 d, increased grain number per ear by 1.6%~45.5% and 1000-grain weight by 9.4%~19.5%; reduced basic seedling number by 15.6%~60.0%, highest stem by 5.4%~24.2%, ear number by 21.3%~36.7%, and peak of leaf area index by 25.7%~37.7%; increased dry matter quality by 4.4%~44.1%, economic coefficient by 6.4%~21.5%, and yield by 11.4%~21.2%. Among of them, the yield of B₂ treatment was higher in early November and the yield of Xinchun27 (B₂) was 7 852.8 kg·hm^-2 and the growth period was 13 days longer than that of spring wheat, and the maturity was 9 days earlier, and basic seedling number 270×10⁴ with spike number of 441.7×10⁴, maximum leaf area index of 4.6, dry matter accumulation mass of 17 685.7 kg·hm^-2, and economic coefficient of 0.47. The Xinchun 27 was sown in early November, with a sowing density of 1 000×10⁴ grains·hm^-2, and yield attained 7 852.8 kg·hm^-2.