尺蛾科昆虫性信息素组分特征及应用进展

国内外对于鳞翅目昆虫性信息素的研究最为详细。本文阐述鳞翅目昆虫性信息素活性组分的最新分类进展,根据其化学结构可分为TypeⅠ、TypeⅡ、TypeⅢ、Type 0 4类。其中:Type I为分子结构具有末端功能团的C10-C18醇、醛、醋酸酯类化合物,分布于多个鳞翅目总科中; TypeⅡ为C17-C23的不饱和碳氢化合物以及相对应的环氧衍生物,广泛分布于尺蛾总科中; TypeⅢ为携带1个或多个甲基分支的C17-C23化合物,仅出现在少数的鳞翅目昆虫中;而Type 0为与植物挥发物结构类似的短链仲醇或酮类化合物,分布于进化上较为原始的昆虫中。尺蛾总科作为鳞翅目昆虫的第三大科,目前共计93属158种尺蛾的性信息素组分得到鉴定,其性信息素组分中除了姬尺蛾亚科以TypeⅠ为主以外,灰尺蛾亚科、尺蛾亚科、沙尺蛾亚科、花尺蛾亚科、星尺蛾亚科均是以TypeⅡ为主。尺蛾科昆虫性信息素组分碳链较长,结构复杂,多数为不饱和烃类化合物(TypeⅡ型),严重影响了全球尺蛾类性信息素组分的化学鉴定及野外应用,通过分析对已鉴定的尺蛾性信息素组分及结构特征,明确其性信息素组分化合物的双键位置、环氧结构和手性构象,以及在各亚科、属、种之间的分布特征,并探讨我国重要尺蛾(茶尺蠖、国槐尺蠖、银花尺蠖、油桐尺蠖、春尺蠖等)的性信息素研究情况,可为今后鉴定未知尺蛾性信息素活性组分,以及利用昆虫性信息素对尺蛾类害虫进行有效的绿色防控等提供参考。

Progress in Sex Pheromone Components in Geometrid Species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) and Their Applications

Pheromone of Lepidoptera has been studied in detail at home and abroad. This study elucidates the latest classification system of Lepidopteran sex pheromone components in which all the components are respectively categorized into TypeⅠ, TypeⅡ, TypeⅢ and Type 0. TypeⅠ, is distributed in many superfamilies of Lepidopteran, and includes alcohol, aldehydes and acetic ester compounds with carbon number ranging from 10 to 18. TypeⅡ is widely distributed in geometrid, and consists of unsaturated C17-C23 hydrocarbon and their corresponding epoxides. TypeⅢ simply consists of C17-C23 hydrocarbon with single or multiple methyl branches, and it was found only in few Lepidopteran species. Type 0 is short-chain second alcohol or ketone compounds that are analogous to plant volatile organic compounds(VOCs). At present, pheromone components of 158 geometrid species from 93 genera have been characterized. Except for Sterrhinae whose sex pheromone components are categorized mainly in Type I, the other sex pheromone components in subfamilies of geometrid are mainly categorized in TypeⅡ. Most of geometrid sex pheromone components have the long carbon chain scaffold and unsaturated hydrocarbons(TypeⅡ) in structures, which seriously affects characterization and field application. This paper clarities the double bond position, epoxy structures and chiral conformation of the geometrid sex pheromone components, as well as the distribution pattern of pheromone components among geometrid subfamilies, genera and species. The sex pheromone research situation of the important species in China was also discussed, which provides reference for subsequent researches on geometrid pheromone and effective green control of insect pests of Lepidoptera with sex pheromones.