灌水定额对食葵耗水特征和产量的影响

为研究不同灌水定额对食葵产量及其构成因素的影响并探究其耗水规律,筛选适宜的灌溉制度,设定5个不同的灌水定额,分别为300、375、450、525、600 m~3·hm~(-2),研究了不同灌水定额对食葵产量及其构成因素和耗水指标影响的同时,为弥补大田试验分析直观性不足,在生长、果实品质、产量和耗水等指标的基础上,利用MAGA-PPC模型综合且客观评价了田间试验结果。研究表明:不同灌水定额影响食葵耗水规律,食葵耗水量、耗水强度、耗水模数和作物系数随着灌水定额增加而增大,525～600 m~3·hm~(-2)灌水定额下耗水量、耗水强度、耗水模数和作物系数最大。在现蕾期和成熟初期,525～600 m~3·hm~(-2)灌水定额对食葵耗水量、耗水强度和作物系数影响更大。300 m~3·hm~(-2)灌水定额下食葵耗水量先呈现出减少趋势现象。食葵盘径、产量和水分利用效率随着灌水定额的增加而增大,525 m~3·hm~(-2)灌水定额下产量最大(4 781.86 kg·hm~(-2)),且水分利用效率较大(14.37 kg·mm~(-1)·hm~(-2)),525 m~3·hm~(-2)灌水定额更适合当地食葵农田灌溉。MAGA-PPC模型评价结果表明,525 m~3·hm~(-2)灌水定额有利于北疆地区食葵节水增产。综上表明,建议保证食葵现蕾期和成熟初期给水量充足,选用525 m~3·hm~(-2)灌水定额。

Effects of different irrigation quotas on water consumption and yield of sunflower

In order to study the effects of different irrigation quotas on the yield and the yield composition of sunflower and to select the optimum irrigation system, 5 different irrigation quotas, 300, 375, 450, 525, and 600 m³·hm^-2 were used.The effects of different irrigation quotas on the yield, its composition, and water consumption index of sunflower were studied. In order to make up for the lack of intuitiveness analysis of the field experiment, the MAGA-PPC model was used to comprehensively and objectively evaluate field trial results based on the indicators of growth, fruit quality, yield, and water consumption. The results showed that different irrigation quotas did affect the water consumption of sunflower. The water consumption, water consumption intensity, water consumption modulus, and crop coefficient of edible sunflower increased with increase in irrigation quota. Water consumption, water consumption intensity, water consumption modulus and water consumption was the most at 525~600 m³·hm^-2. At the bud stage and early maturity, the irrigation quota of 525~600 m³·hm^-2 had even greater influence on the water consumption, water consumption intensity, and crop coefficient of the sunflower. The water consumption of the sunflower under 300 m³·hm^-2 was decreased first and then reached a relatively stable level.The diameter, yield, and water use efficiency of the sunflower increased with increasing irrigation quota. The yield and water use efficiency were the highest under 525 m³·hm^-2 irrigation quota.Yield and water use efficiency were 4781.86 kg·hm^-2 and 14.37 kg·mm^-1·hm^-2, respectively. The 525 m³·hm^-2 irrigation quota resulted in the highest yield indicating it is more suitable for local sunflower production. The evaluation results of MAGA-PPC model showed that the 525 m³·hm^-2 irrigation quota was conducive to increase sunflower production for water saving in the northern Xinjiang region. To sum up, it is recommended to ensure that the water supply is sufficient at the bud stage and early maturity of the sunflower, and the 525 m³·hm^-2 irrigation quota is used.