菘蓝种子中营养物质积累过程及不同采收期种子的活力差异

从菘蓝刚长出小角果时开始定期采样,测定种子各生长发育阶段的千粒重及种子中蛋白、还原糖、可溶性糖和淀粉的累积含量,并对不同时期采收的种子进行发芽试验,统计发芽率、发芽势等,以确定种子采收时间与种子活力的关系。试验结果显示,菘蓝种子中干物质快速积累期在4月下旬到5月上旬,千粒重在5月下旬达到最大值7.410 g;从04-11~04-20,种子中还原糖和可溶性糖含量呈快速增长趋势,分别于04-19达到最大值17.30和54.00 g/kg,之后呈先急剧降低后缓慢降低的趋势,同期淀粉含量不断上升;菘蓝种子中可溶性蛋白质含量在5月之前快速积累,到05-05达到最大值32.34 g/kg,之后含量亦呈先急剧降低后缓慢降低的趋势,粗蛋白含量在5月份呈缓慢增长趋势;不同时间采收的种子活力差异极显著,种子活力与成熟度成呈正相关,但是过熟的种子活力急剧下降,5月底至6月初为种子的最佳采收期。

Study on material accumulating in maturity process of Isatis indigotica Fort.seeds and vigor comparison among seeds of different harvest times

Isatis indigotica Fort. seeds were sampled at fixed period after seeding. At each stage,the thousand seed weight was recorded, the content of protein,amylum,reducing sugar and soluble sugar of seed was assayed. To study the relationship between different harvest times and seed vigor by the seed germination ,assaying percent of germination ,percentage of germination power, germination index and simple vigor index. The results show that the rapid accumulation stages of store material emerge during the last tendays percentage of April and the first ten clays of May,the thousand seed weight reached the maximum value 7. 410 g during the last tendays of May. The content of reducing sugar and soluble sugar increased progressively from April 11 to April 20,reached the maximum value 17.30 g/kg and 54.00 g/kg in April 19,then reduced rapidly after April 19,the content of amylum increased at the same term. The content of soluble protein increased in April,then reduced rapidly earlier and slowly later after May 5,which reached the maximum value 32.34 g/kg in May 5. The content of crude protein increased slowly in May. The seed vigor are significantly different among seeds of Isatis indigotica Fort. of different harvest times. The best harvest time is the end of May and the beginning of June.