我国各麦区小麦品种穗重构成特点及生理成因

在陕西关中地区秋播条件下,对我国各麦区58个代表品种的穗重构成和有关生理性状的分析表明:在冬麦区中,穗粒重及其构成因素由北向南均表现出增大的趋势;西南和华南冬麦区、东北春麦区、西部和西北春麦区为我国小麦品种的大穗区域,而且三个区域的大穗构成方式有所不同;灌浆速率、干物质积累量、生长率和绿叶面积是导致各麦区品种穗重差异的主要生理性状,这四个性状在麦区中的变化规律与穗重的表现相一致。

The Physiological Causes and Construction Characters of Spike Weight of Wheat Cultivars in Various Wheat-producing Areas in China

The physiological causes and construction characters of spike weight with 58 leading wheat cultivars from various wheat-producing areas in China under fall sowing in Guanzhong, Shaanxi were studied. The results indicated that the kernel weight/spikes and their constructional factors of cultivars tended to increase from the north to the south in winter wheat-producing areas. The ears of wheat cultivars were larger in such three areas as the southwest and south winter wheat-producing areas, the northeast spring wheat-producing areas and the west and northwest spring wheat-producing areas in China.Nevertheless, there are differences in constructional patterns of large ear wheat in the three areas. The filling rate, the accumulation of dry matter, growing rate and green leaf area of wheat cultivars are the main physiological charaters to cause the differences in spike weight among the wheat-producing areas.The changing laws of the above four major characters in wheat-producing areas are consistent with that of spike weight.