木醋液配施生物炭对盐碱土壤理化特性和甜菜产量及品质的影响

以甜菜品种KWS 1176为试验材料，在黑龙江省肇东市尚家镇五间村盐碱地(Na+含量为203.33 mg·kg-1，pH值8.92)进行小区试验。试验设4个处理，不施加木醋液(CK)、木醋液300 kg·hm-2(BW1)、600 kg·hm-2(BW2)和900 kg·hm-2(BW3)，各个处理均施用生物炭(玉米秸秆)，用量为600 kg·hm-2。研究表明，木醋液配施生物炭显著提高土壤比表面积(提升1.39%～4.86% )和含水率，降低土壤pH和电导率；显著提高当季土壤有机质和养分(碱解氮、有效磷)含量，播后58 d土壤有机质和养分提升效果显著，其中碱解氮含量、有效磷含量和有机质含量分别提升14.24%～26.87%、21.17%～32.09% 和2.51%～41.19%。BW2处理土壤中Ca2+、Mg2+、SO42-和Cl-含量显著提高，可溶性Na+和HCO3-含量显著降低；显著提高甜菜块根产量和品质，降低块根中钠盐含量、钾盐含量和α-氨基态氮含量，比CK处理块根产量提升5.32%～15.29%，块根含糖率提升0.31%～0.84%。综合分析，BW2对改善当季盐碱土壤理化特性及甜菜块根产量和品质效果最佳。

Effects of wood vinegar combined with biochar application on physicochemical properties of saline alkali soil of sugar beet in season

The sugar beet variety KWS 1176 was used as the experimental material and a plot experiment was conducted on the saline alkali soil（Na⁺ content 203.33 mg·kg^-1 ，pH 8.92）in Wujian Village，Shangjia Town，Zhaodong City， Heilongjiang Province. Four treatments were set up in the experiment，including without the addition of wood vinegar （CK），300 kg·hm^-2 of wood vinegar（BW1），600 kg·hm^-2 of wood vinegar（BW2）and 900 kg·hm^-2 of wood vinegar （BW3），each treatment was treated with biochar at a dosage of 600 kg·hm^-2 . Results showed that the combination of wood vinegar and biochar significantly increased soil specific surface area（1.39%-4.86%）and water content，while reduced soil pH and electrical conductivity，significantly increased the content of soil nutrients（alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen，available phosphorus，and organic matter）in the current season. The effect of soil nutrient improvement was significant at 58 days after sowing，with alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen，available phosphorus，and organic matter increasing by 14.24%-26.87%， 21.17%-32.09% and 2.51%-41.19%，respectively. The content of Ca²⁺，Mg²⁺，SO₄ ^2- and Cl^- in the soil treated with BW2 were significantly increased，while the content of soluble Na⁺ and HCO₃ ^- were significantly decreased；BW2 significantly improved the yield and quality of sugar beet root tubers，reduced the sodium，potassium and α-amino nitrogen content in the root tubers. Compared with CK，the content of amino nitrogen in root tubers was increased by 5.32%-15.29%，and the sugar content in root tubers was increased by 0.31%-0.84%. Overall analysis showed that BW2 had the best effect on improving the physicochemical properties of saline alkali soil during the season，as well as the yield and quality of sugar beet root tubers.