基于Landsat影像的烟台市近30年来湿地资源时空变化研究

[目的]对山东省烟台市近30a来湿地资源时空变化进行研究,为该市湿地资源的合理利用与保护提供基础资料和科学依据。[方法]在RS与GIS技术支持下,以1986和1995年TM,2005年ETM+以及2015年OLI遥感影像为数据源,解译提取烟台市湿地资源信息,对湿地资源的面积、变化速度以及各湿地类型的转换进行定量分析,从而获取近30a来烟台市湿地资源时空变化规律。[结果]近30a来烟台市湿地总面积以5.46km~2/a的速度呈逐年增加趋势,湿地总面积增长了158.47km~2;各湿地类型中浅海水域一直处于主导地位;沿海滩涂和河口湿地的面积呈逐年减少趋势;养殖池和盐田的面积则以4.59km~2/a的速度呈逐年增加趋势;河流湿地的面积呈现出波动变化的趋势;水库坑塘的面积以1.23km~2/a的速度增长了35.8km~2;烟台市各湿地类型之间的转换较少,而各湿地类型与非湿地之间转换较为强烈。[结论]受人类活动的干扰,近30a来烟台市湿地资源时空变化十分显著,须采取措施加强对湿地资源的合理利用与保护。

Temporal-Spatial Changes of Wetland Resources in Yantai City in Latest 30 Years Based on Landsat Images

[Objective] The temporal-spatial changes of wetland resources in Yantai City of Shandong Province in recent 30 years were studied to provide basic data and scientific basis for the rational utilization and conservation of wetland resources. [Methods] With RS and GIS, this paper took the TM images in 1986 and 1995, the ETM⁺ image in 2005 and the OLI image in 2015 as data sources, to interpret and extract the information of wetland resources in Yantai City, and to make quantitative analysis on the area of wetland resources, the change rate or transformation beween various types of wetlands. Upon which, the temporal and spatial variation of wetland resources in Yantai City in the latest 30 years were demonstrated. [Results] The total area of wetlands had an increasing trend year by year at a rate of 5.46 km²/a; The increment acreage attained 158.47 km² in Yantai City for almost 30 years. In the process of wetland transformation, the shallow sea-water area still covered mostly. Other types of wetlands had different change processes. Among which, coastal tidal flat and estuarine wetland, declined year by year; Whereas, culture pond plus salt pan had been increased at yearly-averaged speed of 4.59 km². River wetland exhibited a fluctuating trend. The area of reservoir or pond increased 35.8 km² at a rate of 1.23 km²/a. The transformation between wetland types was less, but the conversion between wetlands and non-wetlands was strong in Yantai City. [Conclusion] Due to the interference of human activities, the temporal and spatial changes of wetland resources were very significant in Yantai City in recent 30 years, so we must take measures to strengthen the rational utilization and protection of wetland resources.