解淀粉芽孢杆菌TS-1203生防制剂中助剂和载体的筛选及配方优化

为研发高效低毒的苹果树腐烂病生防制剂，采用菌丝生长速率法分别研究了不同表面活性剂、防腐剂、紫外保护剂和载体在不同浓度下对解淀粉芽孢杆菌TS-1203菌株生长及其抑菌活性的影响。助剂筛选结果表明:TS-1203的最适表面活性剂为吐温-80，其质量分数为0.50%、培养48 h时，对苹果树腐烂病菌的抑制率为88.90%，与对照无显著差异；最适防腐剂为柠檬酸三钠，其质量分数为0.10%、培养48 h时，对苹果树腐烂病菌的抑制率为93.39%，显著高于对照；最适紫外保护剂为木质素磺酸钠，其质量分数为0.50%、培养48 h时，对苹果树腐烂病菌的抑制率为84.18%，显著高于对照。采用响应面法对TS-1203生防制剂的最佳助剂条件进行了优化，得其最佳配比为:65 mL发酵液中分别加入650 μL吐温-80、164.58 mg柠檬酸钠及308.12 mg木质素磺酸钠，在此条件下，TS-1203菌剂对苹果树腐烂病菌的抑制率最高，达84.78%。载体筛选结果表明，硅藻土对TS-1203菌株生长促进作用最强，但易分层；海藻酸钠对该菌株生长抑制作用最强；有机膨润土为最佳载体。

Screening and optimizing of the adjuvant and carriers for the bio-control agent Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TS-1203

In order to develop highly effective and less toxic bio-control agent for the control of apple tree canker in vitro, the effect of surfactants, preservatives, UV-protectors and carriers on the growing strains of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TS-1203, and the antibacterial activity of the B. amyloliquefaciens TS-1203 against Valsa mali were determined by the method of mycelium growth rate and response surface methodology(RSM). The results showed that Tween-80 was the most favorable surfactant for the bio-control agent at 0.50% mass fraction. Under this condition, the inhibition rate of TS-1203 was 88.90% at 48 h, which was not significantly different with that of the control. The sodium citrate was the most favorable preservative for the bio-control agent at 0.10% mass fraction. Under this condition, the highest inhibition rate of TS-1203 was 93.39% at 48 h, which was significantly higher than that of the control. Moreover, the sodium lignosulphonate was the most favorable ultraviolet protectant for the bio-control agent at 0.10% mass fraction. Under this condition, the inhibition rate of TS-1203 was 84.18% at 48 h, which was significantly higher than that of the control. The optimum adjuvant for the bio-control agent of TS-1203 was optimized by RSM, and the optimum adjuvant for 65 mL bacterial fermentation contained 650 μL of tween-80, 164.58 mg of sodium citrate and 308.12 mg of sodium lignosulfonate. The inhibitory rate of TS-1203 formulation against V. mali as high as 84.78%, under these conditions. In addition, the diatomite had the strongest effect on the growth of TS-1203, but it was easy to be layered. Sodium alginate had the strongest inhibitory effect on the growth of TS-1203. Therefore, the optimum carrier for bio-control agent TS-1203 was organic bentonite.