道义的偏离与创新的失败——传统农贷制度视角下北宋青苗法之再考量

我国传统农业社会中的农贷制度具有明显的道义色彩,这一制度根源于传统农业社会中＂国家—农户＂道义关系,在运行过程中,以处于维生边缘的贫困农户为放贷对象、不以取息盈利为目的、赈贷不分的模糊化运营等是其基本特征。北宋青苗法是我国传统农贷制度的一个典型创新,但最终不得不接受昙花一现的命运。青苗法的失败不但是其运行机制的缺陷所致,同时也有着深刻的制度根源,文章在揭示农贷制度的道义内涵及其内在的约束规则基础上,阐释了青苗法失败背后的道义逻辑,为评价这一制度的得失提供了一个新的视角。

Deviation from the Morality and a Failure Innovation: Review on the Qingmiao Law in North Song Dynasty

The agri-loan system in China’s traditional agricultural society was a typical institution with obvious moral features.This system was originated from the moral relations between the state and farmer.In the process of its operation,agri-loan system followed a few basic rules： taking poor farmer as lending objects,not for interest profit as purpose,the fuzzy operation between aid and loan.Undoubtedly,the Qingmiao Law in North Song Dynasty was a typical innovation of agri-loan system,but finally,it had to accept a nine days’ wonder fate.The failure of the Qingmiao Law had a profound source of system,this paper reveals the moral essence and the inherent constraints of the agricultural loan system in China’s traditional agricultural society,explains the failure’s moral logic of the Qingmiao Law and provides a new angle of view for evaluating this system.