地被菊花粉活力和储藏性研究

 以地被菊（groundcover chrysanthemum）品种‘毛白玉’、‘粉芙蓉’的新鲜花粉为材料，采用离体萌发法对花粉活力进行测定，并观察花粉萌发及花粉管生长情况。试验结果表明：外源Ca²⁺显著促进了花粉萌发和花粉管生长，硼酸对花粉萌发没有显著影响；花序中部筒状花的花粉活力显著高于花序外部和内部筒状花的花粉；遮荫降低了花粉活力；‘毛白玉’和‘粉芙蓉’花粉在室温下可分别储藏8和6 d，4 ℃下可分别储藏25 d和20 d，–20 ℃下可储藏25 d，–80 ℃下可分别储藏21和18 d。–80 ℃储藏前干燥处理2 h的花粉，储藏后花粉活力显著高于干燥处理4 h和6 h的花粉。预冻处理显著降低了花粉活力。–80 ℃储藏的花粉采用35 ℃解冻2 min或冰上解冻效果较好。

Studies on Viability and Storage Characteristics of Pollen of Groundcover Chrysanthemum

In the study，the pollen viability of the cultivars‘Maobaiyu’and‘Fenfurong’was determined via culture in vitro，and the pollen germination and pollen tube growth were observed. The results showed that the pollen germination rate and growth of pollen tubes were promoted significantly by Ca²⁺ but not influenced by H₃BO₃；The viability of pollen collected from middle parts of inflorescences was signi?cantly higher than that from external or inside of inflorescence. Shading decreased pollen viability. Pollen viability decreased with increasing storage time under different temperatures. The appropriate storage time of pollen was 8 days and 6 days at room temperature，25 days and 20 days at 4 ℃，21 days and 18 days at–80 ℃ respectively for‘Maobaiyu’and‘Fenfurong’，and 25 days at–20 ℃ for both cultivars. Desiccation duration for 2 hours could increase the viability of pollen stored at–80 ℃，producing better results than that of 4 hours and 6 hours treatments. The pre-freezing treatment reduced pollen germination. The methods of defrosting frozen pollens at 35 ℃ for two minutes or in trash ice were better than other defrosting treatments.